{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T14:23:21Z","timestamp":1793370201469,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CGT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Gene therapy has proven to be extremely beneficial in the management of a wide range of\ngenetic disorders for which there are currently no or few effective treatments. Gene transfer vectors\nare very significant in the field of gene therapy. It is possible to attach a non-viral attachment vector to\nthe donor cell chromosome instead of integrating it, eliminating the negative consequences of both viral\nand integrated vectors. It is a safe and optimal express vector for gene therapy because it does not\ncause any adverse effects. However, the modest cloning rate, low expression, and low clone number\nmake it unsuitable for use in gene therapy. Since the first generation of non-viral attachment episomal\nvectors was constructed, various steps have been taken to regulate their expression and stability, such\nas truncating the MAR element, lowering the amount of CpG motifs, choosing appropriate promoters\nand utilizing regulatory elements. This increases the transfection effectiveness of the non-viral attachment\nvector while also causing it to express at a high level and maintain a high level of stability. A\nvector is a genetic construct commonly employed in gene therapy to treat various systemic disorders.\nThis article examines the progress made in the development of various optimization tactics for nonviral\nattachment vectors and the future applications of these vectors in gene therapy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523222666221004100858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T04:10:36Z","timestamp":1664943036000},"page":"135-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Current Landscape and Emerging Opportunities of Gene Therapy with\nNon-viral Episomal Vectors"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7962-0506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Safir Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and\nTechnology of China, Hefei 230027, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munir Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis\nand Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,\nZhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Imran","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and\nTechnology of China,Hefei 230027,People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, District Headquarters\nHospital Jhang 35200, Punjab Province, Islamic Republic of Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadia","family":"Kalsoom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, District Headquarters\nHospital Jhang 35200, Punjab Province, Islamic Republic of Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aqeela","family":"Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine.\nCollege of Medicine, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 81451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-021-01191-0","volume":"40","author":"Muigai A.W.T.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muigai A.W.T.; Expanding global access to genetic therapies. Nat Biotechnol 2022,40(1),20-21","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref=2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01664-4","volume":"28","author":"Flotte T.R.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Flotte T.R.; Cataltepe O.; Puri A.; AAV gene therapy for Tay-Sachs disease. Nat Med 2022,28(2),251-259","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref=3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2020.100258","volume":"16","author":"Khan M.I.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan M.I.; Batool F.; Kalsoom F.; New insights on unique therapeutic potentialities of prostacyclin and prostacyclin synthase. Mater Today Chem 2020,16(16),100258","journal-title":"Mater Today Chem"},{"key":"ref=4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040793","volume":"14","author":"Lederer C.W.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lederer C.W.; Koniali L.; Buerki-Thurnherr T.; Catching them early: Framework parameters and progress for prenatal and childhood application of advanced therapies. Pharmaceutics 2022,14(4),793","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref=5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.4274\/tjps.galenos.2020.89577","volume":"19","author":"Singh G.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh G.; Resveratrol delivery via gene therapy: Entering the modern era. Turk J Pharm Sci 2022,19(1),104-109","journal-title":"Turk J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref=6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14051096","volume":"14","author":"Ge L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ge L.; Yang L.; Bron R.; van Rijn P.; Topography-mediated enhancement of nonviral gene delivery in stem cells. Pharmaceutics 2022,14(5),1096","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref=7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120375","volume":"294","author":"Sayed N.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sayed N.; Allawadhi P.; Khurana A.; Gene therapy: Comprehensive overview and therapeutic applications. Life Sci 2022,294,120375","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref=8","first-page":"168","volume":"5","author":"Almani M.I.K.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Almani M.I.K.; Kazmi A.; Haider I.; Correlation of duration of Hepatitis C infection with triglycerides and total cholesterol. J Islamabad Med Dent Coll 2016,5(4),168-171","journal-title":"J Islamabad Med Dent Coll"},{"key":"ref=9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.34172\/ijmpes.2021.19","volume":"2","author":"Imran Khan M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Imran Khan M.; Iqbal H.M.N.; Garedaghi Y.; Bilal M.; Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection- status Quo and outlook. Int J Med Parasitol Epidemiol Sci 2021,2(3),71-72","journal-title":"Int J Med Parasitol Epidemiol Sci"},{"key":"ref=10","first-page":"183-6","volume":"1","author":"Almani MIK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Almani MIK; Kazmi A; Mansoor R; Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients of chronic hepatitis C. J Islamabad Med Dent Coll 2012,1(4),183-6","journal-title":"J Islamabad Med Dent Coll"},{"key":"ref=11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.14.2.23","volume":"14","author":"Khan M.I.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan M.I.; Kalsoom F.; Batool F.; Undiagnosed hepatitis B and C virus infection at a teaching hospital in Rawalpindi. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2020,14(2),1279-1286","journal-title":"J Pure Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3698","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR06939J","volume":"14","author":"Tasset A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tasset A.; Bellamkonda A.; Wang W.; Overcoming barriers in non-viral gene delivery for neurological applications. Nanoscale 2022,14(10),3698-3719","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref=13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14050998","volume":"14","author":"Leclercq B.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leclercq B.; Mejlachowicz D.; Behar-Cohen F.; Ocular barriers and their influence on gene therapy products delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022,14(5),998","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref=14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2022.100961","volume":"128","author":"Ariful Islam M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ariful Islam M.; Park T.E.; Firdous J.; Essential cues of engineered polymeric materials regulating gene transfer pathways. Prog Mater Sci 2022,128,100961","journal-title":"Prog Mater Sci"},{"key":"ref=15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02555-y","volume":"59","author":"Parambi D.G.T.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parambi D.G.T.; Alharbi K.S.; Kumar R.; Gene therapy approach with an emphasis on growth factors: Theoretical and clinical outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022,59(1),191-233","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref=16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5235.475","volume":"270","author":"Blaese R.M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blaese R.M.; Culver K.W.; Miller A.D.; T lymphocyte-directed gene therapy for ADA- SCID: Initial trial results after 4 years. Science 1995,270(5235),475-480","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref=17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2008.68","volume":"15","author":"Mueller C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mueller C.; Flotte T.R.; Clinical gene therapy using recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors. Gene Ther 2008,15(11),858-863","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref=18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10258","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10258","volume":"7","author":"Zhao Z.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao Z.; Anselmo A.C.; Mitragotri S.; Viral vector\u2010based gene therapies in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2022,7(1),e10258","journal-title":"Bioeng Transl Med"},{"key":"ref=19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2022-0002","volume":"56","author":"Bezeljak U.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bezeljak U.; Cancer gene therapy goes viral: Viral vector platforms come of age. Radiol Oncol 2022,56(1),1-13","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"ref=20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-022-05432-8","volume":"167","author":"Umair Mb.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Umair Mb.; Akusa F.N.; Kashif H.; Viruses as tools in gene therapy, vaccine development, and cancer treatment. Arch Virol 2022,167,1387-1404","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"ref=21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/01926233211041962","volume":"50","author":"Hutt J.A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hutt J.A.; Assaf B.T.; Bolon B.; Scientific and regulatory policy committee points to consider: Nonclinical research and development of in vivo gene therapy products, emphasizing adeno-associated virus vectors. Toxicol Pathol 2022,50(1),118-146","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"ref=22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010107","volume":"10","author":"Gurumoorthy N.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gurumoorthy N.; Nordin F.; Tye G.J.; Wan Kamarul Zaman W.S.; Ng M.H.; Non-integrating lentiviral vectors in clinical applications: A glance through. Biomedicines 2022,10(1),107","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"ref=23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90568-8.00009-2","author":"Chandok I.K.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chandok I.K.; Afreen H.; Afreen R.; Functional genomics tools for studying microbe-mediated stress tolerance in plants. Mitigation of Plant Abiotic Stress by Microorganisms 2022,175-204","journal-title":"Mitigation of Plant Abiotic Stress by Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref=24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112743","volume":"148","author":"Najafi S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Najafi S.; Tan S.C.; Aghamiri S.; Therapeutic potentials of CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology in human viral infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2022,148,112743","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref=25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39436.582292.DB","volume":"336","author":"Cole A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cole A.; Child in gene therapy programme develops leukaemia. BMJ 2008,336(7634),13","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref=26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256872","volume":"25","author":"Kamimura K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kamimura K.; Suda T.; Zhang G.; Liu D.; Advances in gene delivery systems. Pharmaceut Med 2011,25(5),293-306","journal-title":"Pharmaceut Med"},{"key":"ref=27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.2.426","volume":"27","author":"Piechaczek C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Piechaczek C.; Fetzer C.; Baiker A.; Bode J.; Lipps H.J.; A vector based on the SV40 origin of replication and chromosomal S\/MARs replicates episomally in CHO cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1999,27(2),426-428","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref=28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2020.310","volume":"32","author":"Mulia G.E.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mulia G.E.; Pican&#xE7;o-Castro V.; Stavrou E.F.; Athanassiadou A.; Figueiredo M.L.; Advances in the development and the applications of nonviral, episomal vectors for gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2021,32(19-20),1076-1095","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref=29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3302593","volume":"13","author":"Papapetrou E.P.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Papapetrou E.P.; Ziros P.G.; Micheva I.D.; Zoumbos N.C.; Athanassiadou A.; Gene transfer into human hematopoietic progenitor cells with an episomal vector carrying an S\/MAR element. Gene Ther 2006,13(1),40-51","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref=30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2005.16.533","volume":"16","author":"Jenke A.C.W.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jenke A.C.W.; Eisenberger T.; Baiker A.; Stehle I.M.; Wirth S.; Lipps H.J.; The nonviral episomal replicating vector pEPI-1 allows long-term inhibition of BCR-ABL expression by shRNA. Hum Gene Ther 2005,16(4),533-539","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref=31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17672","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604938103","volume":"103","author":"Manzini S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Manzini S.; Vargiolu A.; Stehle I.M.; Genetically modified pigs produced with a nonviral episomal vector. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006,103(47),17672-17677","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref=32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14885","volume":"63","author":"Privolizzi R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Privolizzi R.; Chu W.S.; Tijani M.; Ng J.; Viral gene therapy for paediatric neurological diseases: Progress to clinical reality. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021,63(9),1019-1029","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"ref=33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-099-7_1","author":"Wade-Martins R.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wade-Martins R.; Developing extrachromosomal gene expression vector technologies: An overview. Mammalian Chromosome Engineering 2011,1-17","journal-title":"Mammalian Chromosome Engineering"},{"key":"ref=34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024962308071","volume":"11","author":"Stehle I.M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stehle I.M.; Scinteie M.F.; Baiker A.; Jenke A.C.W.; Lipps H.J.; Exploiting a minimal system to study the epigenetic control of DNA replication: The interplay between transcription and replication. Chromosome Res 2003,11(5),413-421","journal-title":"Chromosome Res"},{"key":"ref=35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-04777-9","volume":"46","author":"Giannakopoulos A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giannakopoulos A.; Quiviger M.; Stavrou E.; Efficient episomal gene transfer to human hepatic cells using the pFAR4\u2013S\/MAR vector. Mol Biol Rep 2019,46(3),3203-3211","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"ref=36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2010.07.001","volume":"466","author":"Rupprecht S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rupprecht S.; Hagedorn C.; Seruggia D.; Controlled removal of a nonviral episomal vector from transfected cells. Gene 2010,466(1-2),36-42","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref=37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-10-20","volume":"10","author":"Haase R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haase R.; Argyros O.; Wong S.P.; pEPito: A significantly improved non-viral episomal expression vector for mammalian cells. BMC Biotechnol 2010,10(1),20","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref=38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7480","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.20.7480-7489.2000","volume":"20","author":"Kipp M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kipp M.; G&#xF6;hring F.; Ostendorp T.; SAF-Box, a conserved protein domain that specifically recognizes scaffold attachment region DNA. Mol Cell Biol 2000,20(20),7480-7489","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref=39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/35004061","volume":"2","author":"Baiker A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baiker A.; Maercker C.; Piechaczek C.; Mitotic stability of an episomal vector containing a human scaffold\/matrix-attached region is provided by association with nuclear matrix. Nat Cell Biol 2000,2(3),182-184","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref=40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvf070","volume":"3","author":"Jenke B.H.C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jenke B.H.C.; Fetzer C.P.; Stehle I.M.; An episomally replicating vector binds to the nuclear matrix protein SAF\u2010A in vivo. EMBO Rep 2002,3(4),349-354","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"ref=41","first-page":"00091-3","volume":"S0968-0004","author":"Razin SV","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razin SV; Kantidze OL; The twisted path of the 3D genome: Where does it lead? Trends Biochem Sci 2022,S0968-0004(22),00091-3","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"ref=42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11322","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401355101","volume":"101","author":"Jenke A.C.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jenke A.C.; Stehle I.M.; Herrmann F.; Nuclear scaffold\/matrix attached region modules linked to a transcription unit are sufficient for replication and maintenance of a mammalian episome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004,101(31),11322-11327","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref=43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0437791100","volume":"100","author":"Mesner L.D.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mesner L.D.; Hamlin J.L.; Dijkwel P.A.; The matrix attachment region in the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase origin of replication may be required for local chromatid separation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003,100(6),3281-3286","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref=44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600029","volume":"23","author":"Schaarschmidt D.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schaarschmidt D.; Baltin J.; Stehle I.M.; Lipps H.J.; Knippers R.; An episomal mammalian replicon: Sequence-independent binding of the origin recognition complex. EMBO J 2004,23(1),191-201","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref=45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.03.007","author":"Deng L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng L.; Liang P.; Cui H.; Pseudotyped lentiviral vectors: Ready for translation into targeted cancer gene therapy? Genes Dis in press2022","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"ref=46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22541\/au.165268627.74823408\/v1","author":"Hamidieh A.A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamidieh A.A.; Hosseinkhani S.; The control and trust of CRISPR\/Cas9 genome altering for clinical application with gene treatment and treatment of hereditary diseases. Authorea Preprints 2022","journal-title":"Authorea Preprints"},{"key":"ref=47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00698-0","author":"Charlesworth C.T.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charlesworth C.T.; Hsu I.; Wilkinson A.C.; Nakauchi H.; Immunological barriers to haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2022,1-15","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref=48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14050987","volume":"14","author":"Teleanu R.I.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teleanu R.I.; Preda M.D.; Niculescu A.G.; Current strategies to enhance delivery of drugs across the blood\u2013brain barrier. Pharmaceutics 2022,14(5),987","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"ref=49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"08971900221104250","DOI":"10.1177\/08971900221104250","author":"Hernandez J.M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hernandez J.M.; Biosafety considerations for viral vector gene therapy: An explanation and guide for the average everyday-hero pharmacist. J Pharm Pract 2022,08971900221104250","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"ref=50","author":"Sainz Ramos M.","unstructured":"Sainz Ramos M.;  Development and characterization of non-viral vectors based on cationic niosomes to address cystic fibrosis disease by gene therapy approach. Doctoral Thesis, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, Biscay, Spain, 2022."},{"key":"ref=51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3763","volume":"15","author":"Yin H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yin H.; Kanasty R.L.; Eltoukhy A.A.; Vegas A.J.; Dorkin J.R.; Anderson D.G.; Non-viral vectors for gene-based therapy. Nat Rev Genet 2014,15(8),541-555","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref=52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00297","volume":"18","author":"Ediriweera G.R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ediriweera G.R.; Chen L.; Yerbury J.J.; Thurecht K.J.; Vine K.L.; Non-viral vector-mediated gene therapy for ALS: Challenges and future perspectives. Mol Pharm 2021,18(6),2142-2160","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"ref=53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-021-00608-7","volume":"23","author":"Zu H.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zu H.; Gao D.; Non-viral vectors in gene therapy: Recent development, challenges, and prospects. AAPS J 2021,23(4),78","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"ref=54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.135116","volume":"435","author":"Tang X.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang X.; Wang Z.; Zhang Y.; Mu W.; Han X.; Non-viral nanocarriers for CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system delivery. Chem Eng J 2022,435,135116","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"ref=55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.11.011","volume":"17","author":"Roig-Merino A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roig-Merino A.; Urban M.; Bozza M.; An episomal DNA vector platform for the persistent genetic modification of pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated progeny. Stem Cell Reports 2022,17(1),143-158","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"ref=56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.01.032","volume":"559","author":"Lin Y.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin Y.; Li Z.; Wang T.; MAR characteristic motifs mediate episomal vector in CHO cells. Gene 2015,559(2),137-143","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref=57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E19-02-0108","volume":"30","author":"Wang X.Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X.Y.; Zhang X.; Wang T.Y.; Jia Y.L.; Xu D.H.; Yi D.D.; Shortened nuclear matrix attachment regions are sufficient for replication and maintenance of episomes in mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 2019,30(22),2761-2770","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"ref=58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.516","volume":"6","author":"Brooks A.R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brooks A.R.; Harkins R.N.; Wang P.; Qian H.S.; Liu P.; Rubanyi G.M.; Transcriptional silencing is associated with extensive methylation of the CMV promoter following adenoviral gene delivery to muscle. J Gene Med 2004,6(4),395-404","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"ref=59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3300816","volume":"6","author":"Darquet A-M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Darquet A-M.; Rangara R.; Kreiss P.; Minicircle: An improved DNA molecule for in vitro and in vivo gene transfer. Gene Ther 1999,6(2),209-218","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref=60","first-page":"233","volume":"10","author":"Nehlsen Kristina","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nehlsen Kristina; Broll Sandra; Bode Juergen; Replicating minicircles: Generation of nonviral episomes for the efficient modification of dividing cells. Gene Ther Mol Biol 2006,10,233-244","journal-title":"Gene Ther Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref=61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.11.066","volume":"395","author":"Broll S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Broll S.; Oumard A.; Hahn K.; Schambach A.; Bode J.; Minicircle performance depending on S\/MAR-nuclear matrix interactions. J Mol Biol 2010,395(5),950-965","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref=62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-010-0713-3","volume":"89","author":"Argyros O.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Argyros O.; Wong S.P.; Fedonidis C.; Development of S\/MAR minicircles for enhanced and persistent transgene expression in the mouse liver. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011,89(5),515-529","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"ref=63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-04624-x","volume":"46","author":"Wagner S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wagner S.; McCracken J.; Bruszies S.; Episomal minicircles persist in periods of transcriptional inactivity and can be transmitted through somatic cell nuclear transfer into bovine embryos. Mol Biol Rep 2019,46(2),1737-1746","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"ref=64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.06.017","volume":"27","author":"Luke J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Luke J.; Carnes A.E.; Hodgson C.P.; Williams J.A.; Improved antibiotic-free DNA vaccine vectors utilizing a novel RNA based plasmid selection system. Vaccine 2009,27(46),6454-6459","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref=65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.1441","volume":"12","author":"Marie C.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marie C.; Vandermeulen G.; Quiviger M.; pFARs, plasmids free of antibiotic resistance markers, display high\u2010level transgene expression in muscle, skin and tumour cells. J Gene Med 2010,12(4),323-332","journal-title":"J Gene Med"},{"key":"ref=66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2020.05.014","volume":"21","author":"Pastor M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pastor M.; Quiviger M.; Pailloux J.; Scherman D.; Marie C.; Reduced heterochromatin formation on the pFAR4 Miniplasmid allows sustained transgene expression in the mouse liver. Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids 2020,21,28-36","journal-title":"Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref=67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2020.04.017","volume":"17","author":"Bozza M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bozza M.; Green E.W.; Espinet E.; Novel non-integrating DNA nano-S\/MAR vectors restore gene function in isogenic patient-derived pancreatic tumor models. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020,17,957-968","journal-title":"Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev"},{"key":"ref=68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabf1333","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf1333","volume":"7","author":"Bozza M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bozza M.; De Roia A.; Correia M.P.; A nonviral, nonintegrating DNA nanovector platform for the safe, rapid, and persistent manufacture of recombinant T cells. Sci Adv 2021,7(16),eabf1333","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"ref=69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26446","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26446","volume":"6","author":"Wang X.Y.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang X.Y.; Zhang J.H.; Zhang X.; Sun Q.L.; Zhao C.P.; Wang T.Y.; Impact of different promoters on episomal vectors harbouring characteristic motifs of matrix attachment regions. Sci Rep 2016,6(1),26446","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref=70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmaa105","volume":"52","author":"Wang X.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X.; Zhang W.; Jia Y.; Wang M.; Yi D.; Wang T.; Woodchuck hepatitis post-transcriptional regulatory element improves transgene expression and stability mediated by episomal vectors in CHO-K1 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020,52(11),1285-1288","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)"},{"key":"ref=71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2019.1684863","volume":"10","author":"Xu Z.J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu Z.J.; Jia Y.L.; Wang M.; Effect of promoter, promoter mutation and enhancer on transgene expression mediated by episomal vectors in transfected HEK293, Chang liver and primary cells. Bioengineered 2019,10(1),548-560","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref=72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40673","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40673","volume":"7","author":"Stavrou E.F.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stavrou E.F.; Lazaris V.M.; Giannakopoulos A.; The &#x3B2;-globin Replicator greatly enhances the potential of S\/MAR based episomal vectors for gene transfer into human haematopoietic progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2017,7(1),40673","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref=73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e118","DOI":"10.1038\/mtna.2013.47","volume":"2","author":"Hagedorn C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hagedorn C.; Antoniou M.N.; Lipps H.J.; Genomic cis-acting sequences improve expression and establishment of a nonviral vector. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2013,2,e118","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref=74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.01.013","volume":"342","author":"Taha E.A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taha E.A.; Lee J.; Hotta A.; Delivery of CRISPR-Cas tools for in vivo genome editing therapy: Trends and challenges. J Control Release 2022,342,345-361","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref=75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.06.038","volume":"325","author":"Mohammadinejad R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammadinejad R.; Dehshahri A.; Madamsetty V.S.; In vivo gene delivery mediated by non-viral vectors for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2020,325,249-275","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref=76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.2144\/000113270","volume":"47","author":"Iqbal K.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iqbal K.; Barg-Kues B.; Broll S.; Bode J.; Niemann H.; Kues W.A.; Cytoplasmic injection of circular plasmids allows targeted expression in mammalian embryos. Biotechniques 2009,47(5),959-968","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"ref=77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3044","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13216","volume":"21","author":"Wang X.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang X.; Xu Z.; Tian Z.; The EF-1&#x3B1; promoter maintains high-level transgene expression from episomal vectors in transfected CHO-K1 cells. J Cell Mol Med 2017,21(11),3044-3054","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"ref=78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301654","volume":"9","author":"Chow C-M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chow C-M.; Athanassiadou A.; Raguz S.; LCR-mediated, long-term tissue-specific gene expression within replicating episomal plasmid and cosmid vectors. Gene Ther 2002,9(5),327-336","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref=79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523217666170202122755","volume":"16","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang X.; Wang X.Y.; Jia Y.L.; Guo X.; Wang Y.F.; Wang T.Y.; A vector based on the chicken hypersensitive site 4 insulator element replicates episomally in mammalian cells. Curr Gene Ther 2017,16(6),410-418","journal-title":"Curr Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref=80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.23216","volume":"108","author":"Osterlehner A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Osterlehner A.; Simmeth S.; G&#xF6;pfert U.; Promoter methylation and transgene copy numbers predict unstable protein production in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011,108(11),2670-2681","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"ref=81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15661","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28835","volume":"120","author":"Wang X.Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X.Y.; Yi D.D.; Wang T.Y.; Enhancing expression level and stability of transgene mediated by episomal vector via buffering DNA methyltransferase in transfected CHO cells. J Cell Biochem 2019,120(9),15661-15670","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref=82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15038560","volume":"15","author":"Nuo M.T.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nuo M.T.; Yuan J.L.; Yang W.L.; Promoter methylation and histone modifications affect the expression of the exogenous DsRed gene in transgenic goats. Genet Mol Res 2016,15(3)","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"key":"ref=83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-022-02897-8","volume":"204","author":"Khan S.U.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan S.U.; Khan M.U.; Kalsoom F.; Mechanisms of gene regulation by histone degradation in adaptation of yeast: An overview of recent advances. Arch Microbiol 2022,204(5),287","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"ref=84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2008.113","volume":"15","author":"Argyros O.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Argyros O.; Wong S.P.; Niceta M.; Persistent episomal transgene expression in liver following delivery of a scaffold\/matrix attachment region containing non-viral vector. Gene Ther 2008,15(24),1593-1605","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref=85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1998.4175","volume":"244","author":"Sawicki J.A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sawicki J.A.; Morris R.J.; Monks B.; Sakai K.; Miyazaki J.; A composite CMV-IE enhancer\/&#x3B2;-actin promoter is ubiquitously expressed in mouse cutaneous epithelium. Exp Cell Res 1998,244(1),367-369","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref=86","first-page":"340","volume":"19","author":"Manzini S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manzini S.; Vargiolu A.; Seruggia D.; S\/MAR trek: A new generation of non-viral episomal vectors to be used in gene transfer experiments. Transgenic Res 2010,19(2),340-341","journal-title":"Transgenic Res"},{"key":"ref=87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E56","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.12.e56","volume":"29","author":"Kaczmarczyk S.J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaczmarczyk S.J.; Green J.E.; A single vector containing modified cre recombinase and LOX recombination sequences for inducible tissue-specific amplification of gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2001,29(12),E56","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref=88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0369-8_12","author":"Benton T.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benton T.; Chen T.; McEntee M.; The use of UCOE vectors in combination with a preadapted serum free, suspension cell line allows for rapid production of large quantities of protein. Animal Cell Technology: From Target to Market 2001,52-57","journal-title":"Animal Cell Technology: From Target to Market"},{"key":"ref=89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.12818","volume":"10","author":"Lu X.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu X.; Guo Y.; Huang W.; Characterization of the cHS4 insulator in mouse embryonic stem cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020,10(4),644-656","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"ref=90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl187","volume":"15","author":"Wang L.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang L.; Lin C.M.; Lopreiato J.O.; Aladjem M.I.; Cooperative sequence modules determine replication initiation sites at the human &#x3B2;-globin locus. Hum Mol Genet 2006,15(17),2613-2622","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref=91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56056-z","volume":"9","author":"Stavrou E.F.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stavrou E.F.; Simantirakis E.; Verras M.; Episomal vectors based on S\/MAR and the &#x3B2;-globin Replicator, encoding a synthetic transcriptional activator, mediate efficient &#x3B3;-globin activation in haematopoietic cells. Sci Rep 2019,9(1),19765","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref=92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm570","volume":"35","author":"Lufino M.M.P.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lufino M.M.P.; Manservigi R.; Wade-Martins R.; An S\/MAR-based infectious episomal genomic DNA expression vector provides long-term regulated functional complementation of LDLR deficiency. Nucleic Acids Res 2007,35(15),e98","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref=93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2009.06.018","volume":"143","author":"Sgourou A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sgourou A.; Routledge S.; Spathas D.; Athanassiadou A.; Antoniou M.N.; Physiological levels of HBB transgene expression from S\/MAR element-based replicating episomal vectors. J Biotechnol 2009,143(2),85-94","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref=94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-12-0033","volume":"214","author":"Cim A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cim A.; Sawyer G.J.; Zhang X.; In vivo studies on non-viral transdifferentiation of liver cells towards pancreatic &#x3B2; cells. J Endocrinol 2012,214(3),277-288","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref=95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.07.030","volume":"273","author":"Li Y.S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li Y.S.; Davidson E.; Reid C.N.; McHale A.P.; Optimising ultrasound-mediated gene transfer (sonoporation) in vitro and prolonged expression of a transgene in vivo: Potential applications for gene therapy of cancer. Cancer Lett 2009,273(1),62-69","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"ref=96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.12.010","volume":"150","author":"Wong S.P.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wong S.P.; Argyros O.; Howe S.J.; Harbottle R.P.; Systemic gene transfer of polyethylenimine (PEI)\u2013plasmid DNA complexes to neonatal mice. J Control Release 2011,150(3),298-306","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref=97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00067-08","volume":"52","author":"Jenke A.C.W.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jenke A.C.W.; Wilhelm A.D.; Orth V.; Lipps H.J.; Protzer U.; Wirth S.; Long-term suppression of hepatitis B virus replication by short hairpin RNA expression using the scaffold\/matrix attachment region-based replicating vector system pEPI-1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008,52(7),2355-2359","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref=98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041220","volume":"19","author":"De Rocco D.","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Rocco D.; Pompili B.; Castellani S.; Assembly and functional analysis of an S\/MAR based episome with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Int J Mol Sci 2018,19(4),1220","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref=99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1089\/104303404322959498","volume":"15","author":"Zhang Y.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang Y.; Schlachetzki F.; Zhang Y.F.; Boado R.J.; Pardridge W.M.; Normalization of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase and reversal of motor impairment in experimental parkinsonism with intravenous nonviral gene therapy and a brain-specific promoter. Hum Gene Ther 2004,15(4),339-350","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref=100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11539","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504926102","volume":"102","author":"Bharali D.J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bharali D.J.; Klejbor I.; Stachowiak E.K.; Organically modified silica nanoparticles: A nonviral vector for in vivo gene delivery and expression in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005,102(32),11539-11544","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref=101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-013-1005-8","volume":"30","author":"Huang R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang R.; Ma H.; Guo Y.; Angiopep-conjugated nanoparticles for targeted long-term gene therapy of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Pharm Res 2013,30(10),2549-2559","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref=102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2006.09.001","volume":"14","author":"Gonzalez-Barrios J.A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Barrios J.A.; Lindahl M.; Bannon M.J.; Neurotensin polyplex as an efficient carrier for delivering the human GDNF gene into nigral dopamine neurons of hemiparkinsonian rats. Mol Ther 2006,14(6),857-865","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref=103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0117391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117391","volume":"10","author":"Razgado-Hernandez L.F.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Razgado-Hernandez L.F.; Espadas-Alvarez A.J.; Reyna-Velazquez P.; The transfection of BDNF to dopamine neurons potentiates the effect of dopamine D3 receptor agonist recovering the striatal innervation, dendritic spines and motor behavior in an aged rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. PLoS One 2015,10(2),e0117391","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref=104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.2","volume":"17","author":"Yurek D.M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yurek D.M.; Fletcher A.M.; Smith G.M.; Long-term transgene expression in the central nervous system using DNA nanoparticles. Mol Ther 2009,17(4),641-650","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref=105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.07.009","volume":"262","author":"Mastorakos P.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mastorakos P.; Zhang C.; Song E.; Biodegradable brain-penetrating DNA nanocomplexes and their use to treat malignant brain tumors. J Control Release 2017,262,37-46","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref=106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.03.031","volume":"33","author":"Liu S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu S.; Guo Y.; Huang R.; Gene and doxorubicin co-delivery system for targeting therapy of glioma. Biomaterials 2012,33(19),4907-4916","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref=107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.10.027","volume":"243","author":"Gao S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gao S.; Tian H.; Xing Z.; A non-viral suicide gene delivery system traversing the blood brain barrier for non-invasive glioma targeting treatment. J Control Release 2016,243,357-369","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref=108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabb3945","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb3945","volume":"13","author":"Kumthekar P.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumthekar P.; Ko C.H.; Paunesku T.; A first-in-human phase 0 clinical study of RNA interference-based spherical nucleic acids in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2021,13(584),eabb3945","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"ref=109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1039\/C6BM00140H","volume":"4","author":"Li X.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li X.; Kozielski K.; Cheng Y.H.; Nanoparticle-mediated conversion of primary human astrocytes into neurons and oligodendrocytes. Biomater Sci 2016,4(7),1100-1112","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"ref=110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2013.0672","volume":"20","author":"Calado S.M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Calado S.M.; Oliveira A.V.; Machado S.; Haase R.; Silva G.A.; Sustained gene expression in the retina by improved episomal vectors. Tissue Eng Part A 2014,20(19-20),2692-2698","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"ref=111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3209-8_88","author":"Koirala A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koirala A.; Conley S.M.; Naash M.I.; Episomal maintenance of S\/MAR-containing non-viral vectors for RPE-based diseases. Retinal Degenerative Diseases 2014,703-709","journal-title":"Retinal Degenerative Diseases"},{"key":"ref=112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6408(1999)25:1<40:AID-DVG5>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"25","author":"Porter S.D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Porter S.D.; Hu J.; Gilks C.B.; Distal upstream tyrosinase S\/MAR-containing sequence has regulatory properties specific to subsets of melanocytes. Dev Genet 1999,25(1),40-48","journal-title":"Dev Genet"},{"key":"ref=113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523221666210211102435","volume":"21","author":"Pickering C.A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pickering C.A.; Mazarakis N.D.; Viral vector delivery of DREADDs for CNS therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021,21(3),191-206","journal-title":"Curr Gene Ther"},{"key":"ref=114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e143780","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI143780","volume":"131","author":"Muhuri M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muhuri M.; Maeda Y.; Ma H.; Overcoming innate immune barriers that impede AAV gene therapy vectors. J Clin Invest 2021,131(1),e143780","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref=115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2021.04.005","volume":"29","author":"Fakhiri J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fakhiri J.; Grimm D.; Best of most possible worlds: Hybrid gene therapy vectors based on parvoviruses and heterologous viruses. Mol Ther 2021,29(12),3359-3382","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"ref=116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113828","volume":"175","author":"Hartwig O.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hartwig O.; Boushehri M.A.S.; Shalaby K.S.; Drug delivery to the inflamed intestinal mucosa-targeting technologies and human cell culture models for better therapies of IBD. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021,175,113828","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"}],"container-title":["Current Gene Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/1566523222666221004100858","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/209499\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/article\/download?doi=10.2174\/1566523222666221004100858","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T12:46:40Z","timestamp":1679316400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/209499\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1566523222666221004100858","relation":{},"ISSN":["1566-5232"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1566-5232","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2022-03-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-10","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}