{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:59:05Z","timestamp":1782964745303,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81471216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CMM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder mediated\nby antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors (AChR) of the skeletal muscles. An\nimbalance in various T helper (Th) cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22 and follicular\nhelper T (TFH) cells, has been found associated with immunological disturbances.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this study, we aim to investigate the role of the Th cells in peripheral blood\nof MG patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 33 MG patients and 34 age matched controls were\nenrolled in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated using\nFicoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation assay. The proportion of TFH cells in PBMC\nwere analyzed using flow-cytometry assay by determining the levels of cellular markers\nCD4, CXCR5, CD45RO, CD45RA and ICOS and PD-1. The levels of IFN-\u03b3, IL-4, IL-17\nand IL-21 in serum were analyzed by Cytometric Bead Array. The serum IL-22 level was\nanalyzed by ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The frequency of TFH cells in PBMCs was higher than those in healthy\nsubjects and correlated to the severity of MG patients. The levels of pro-inflammatory\ncytokines IFN-\u03b3, IL-17 and IL-21 were elevated in the serum of MG patients, while there\nwere no significant differences regarding the levels of IL-4 and IL-22 between MG\npatients and control subjects.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our findings suggest that Th cells and their cytokines balance of MG\npatients are involved in the clinical condition or severity of MG disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524019666190827162615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T10:49:20Z","timestamp":1566902960000},"page":"739-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effects of Follicular Helper T Cells and Inflammatory Cytokines on Myasthenia Gravis"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lifang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiachun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, the First Bethune Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115732","volume":"23","author":"Mcheyzer-Williams L.J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mcheyzer-Williams L.J.; Mcheyzer-Williams M.G.; Antigen-specific memory B cell development. 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