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IUGR rat model was\nbuilt by feeding a low protein diet during pregnancy. MEL was administered by gavaging.\nAt day 1 post-birth, the baseline characteristics and serum biochemical parameters,\nmorphology of liver and small intestine, enzyme activities, and mRNA expression levels\nof fetal rats were determined. The autophagy marker LC3 and Beclin1 were determined\nby western blot analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p> EE+MEL markedly improved the baseline characteristics, hepatic and intestinal\nmorphology of IUGR fetuses. In addition, the lactase activities in the fetal intestine were\nmarkedly increased by the EE+MEL. The levels of serum somatostatin (SST), Growth\nhormone (GH), GH releasing hormone (GHRH), Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1),\ntriiodothyronine (T3), and tetraiodothyronine (T4) were found to be recovered by\nEE+MEL. In addition, the EE+MEL significantly ameliorated the mRNA expression of\nSST, GHRH, and GHRH receptor (GHRHR), GH, GHR, IGF-1, and IGF-1 receptor\n(IGF1R), IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), S6\nkinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) in\nfetuses. In IUGR fetal livers, LC3 and Beclin1 were found to be increased at birth, while\nLC3 and Beclin1 were observed to be significantly decreased in the EE+MEL group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>EE+MEL could improve fetal rats' baseline characteristics, serum\nbiochemical parameters, birth weight, intestinal and hepatic morphology and enzyme\nactivities. These effects could be explained by the activation of the IGF-1\/IGFBP1 and\nIGF-1\/mTOR\/S6K1\/4EBP1 signaling pathway and autophagy inhibition.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524020666200726221735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T03:33:54Z","timestamp":1595820834000},"page":"246-256","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Melatonin and Enriched Environment Ameliorated Low Protein-Induced Intrauterine Growth Retardation by IGF-1 And mtor Signaling Pathway and Autophagy Inhibition in Rats"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Human Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, 36 Jinqiansong East Road Sujiatun District, Shenyang, 110102, Liaoning,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of basic medical, HE\u2019s University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110163,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of clinical, HE\u2019s University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110163,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Teaching Center of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang , Liaoning 110016,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of basic medical, HE\u2019s University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110163,China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000357592","volume":"36","author":"Figueras F.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Figueras F.; Gratac\u00f3s E.; Update on the diagnosis and classification of fetal growth restriction and proposal of a stage-based management protocol. 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