{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:04:04Z","timestamp":1757541844522,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005073","name":"Agency for Defense Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UD180041GD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UD180041GD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CDD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Anthrax is a lethal bacterial disease caused by gram-positive bacterium Bacillus\nanthracis and vaccination is a desirable method to prevent anthrax infections. In the present study, DNA\nvaccine encoding a protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis was prepared and we investigated the influence\nof DNA electrotransfer in the skin on the induced immune response and biodistribution.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The tdTomato reporter gene for the whole animal in vivo imaging was used to\nassess gene transfer efficiency into the skin as a function of electrical parameters. Compared to that with\n25 V, the transgene expression of red fluorescent protein increased significantly when a voltage of 90 V\nwas used. Delivery of DNA vaccines expressing Bacillus anthracis protective antigen domain 4 (PAD4)\nwith an applied voltage of 90 V induced robust PA-D4-specific antibody responses. In addition, the\nin vivo fate of anthrax DNA vaccine was studied after intradermal administration into the mouse. DNA\nplasmids remained at the skin injection site for an appropriate period of time after immunization. Intradermal\nadministration of DNA vaccine resulted in detection in various organs (viz., lung, heart, kidney,\nspleen, brain, and liver), although the levels were significantly reduced.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our results offer important insights into how anthrax DNA vaccine delivery by intradermal\nelectroporation affects the immune response and biodistribution of DNA vaccine. Therefore, it may\nprovide valuable information for the development of effective DNA vaccines against anthrax infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201817666200414144550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T18:56:29Z","timestamp":1586890589000},"page":"414-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immunogenicity and Biodistribution of Anthrax DNA Vaccine Delivered by Intradermal Electroporation"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Na Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ABION Inc., R&D Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Rak","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABION Inc., R&D Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABION Inc., R&D Center, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Ho","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 4th R&D Institute Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyeung Haeng","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 4th R&D Institute Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong Tae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 4th R&D Institute Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejon, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Kee","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Youl","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1948-2284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sungho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-MAX\/N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091014-104523","volume":"69","author":"Moayeri,M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moayeri,M.; Leppla, S.H.; Vrentas,C.; Pomerantsev, A.P.; Liu, S. 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