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Further, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of naproxen ethosomal formulation was assessed\nusing the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Naproxen sodium nanoethosomes were prepared using different proportions of lipoid S100\n(50mg-200mg), ethanol (20-50%) and water, and were further characterized on the basis of vesicle\nmorphology, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, <jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic> drug release and <jats:italic>ex-vivo<\/jats:italic> permeation studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The optimized ethosomal formulation was found to have 129 \u00b1 0.01 nm particle size, 0.295\nPolydispersity Index (PDI), -3.29 mV zeta potential, 88% entrapment efficiency and 96.573% drug\nrelease in 24 hours. TEM and SEM analysis of the optimized formulation showed slightly smooth\nspherical structures. The Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that ethosomes could easily infiltrate\ninto deeper dermal layers (upto 104.9\u03bcm) whereas the hydroalcoholic solution of the drug could\npenetrate up to 74.9\u03bcm. Further, the optimized ethosomal formulation was incorporated into 1% carbopol\n934 gel base and optimized wherein the transdermal flux was found to be approximately 10 times\nmore than the hydroethanolic solution. Also, the <jats:italic>in-vivo<\/jats:italic> pharmacodynamic study of the optimized ethosomal\ngel exhibited a higher percentage inhibition of swelling paw edema than marketed diclofenac gel.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p> The ethosomal gel was successfully developed and has shown the potential to be a good\noption for the replacement of conventional therapies of rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201817666200724170203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,27]],"date-time":"2020-07-27T03:33:54Z","timestamp":1595820834000},"page":"885-897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Exploration of Nanoethosomal Transgel of Naproxen Sodium for the Treatment of Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Farzana","family":"Anjum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanoformulation Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foziyah","family":"Zakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanoformulation Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devina","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanoformulation Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Aqil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanoformulation Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manvi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanoformulation Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanoformulation Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Aamir","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanoformulation Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. 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