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The results of these studies indicated that oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset and development of this disease. Moreover, in AD oxidative stress is generated by both genetic and biochemical factors as well as the functioning of the systems responsible for their formation and removal. The genetic factors associated with the regulation of the redox system include TOMM40, APOE, LPR, MAPT, APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes. The most important biochemical parameters related to the formation of oxidative species in AD are p53, Homocysteine (Hcy) and a number of others. The formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is also related to the efficiency of the DNA repair system, the effectiveness of the apoptosis, autophagy and mitophagy processes as well as the antioxidant potential. However, these factors are responsible for the development of many disorders, often with similar clinical symptoms, especially in the early stages of the disease. The discovery of markers of the early diagnosis of AD may contribute to the introduction of pharmacotherapy and slow down the progression of this disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205017666200224121447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T14:21:24Z","timestamp":1582554084000},"page":"208-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Genetic Variants and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Kowalska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Prendecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Lianeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Kozubski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Dorszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","author":"Prince M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prince M; Wimo A; Guerchet M; Ali G-C; Wu Y-T; Prina M; World Alzheimer Report 2015 The Global Impact of Dementia: An analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends updates.Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International (ADI) 87 2015"},{"key":"ref=2","first-page":"1","author":"Prince M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prince M.; Comas-Herrera A.; Knapp M.; Guerchet M.; Karagiannidou M.; World Alzheimer Report 2016 Improving: Healthcare for people living with dementia Coverage, Quality and costs now and in the future Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International 2016,1-140","journal-title":"World Alzheimer Report 2016 Improving: Healthcare for people living with dementia Coverage, Quality and costs now and in the future Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International"},{"key":"ref=3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.02.002","volume":"12","author":"Dubois B.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dubois B.; Hampel H.; Feldman H.H.; Scheltens P.; Aisen P.; Andrieu S.; Bakardjian H.; Benali H.; Bertram L.; Blennow K.; Broich K.; Cavedo E.; Crutch S.; Dartigues J.F.; Duyckaerts C.; Epelbaum S.; Frisoni G.B.; Gauthier S.; Genthon R.; Gouw A.A.; Habert M.O.; Holtzman D.M.; Kivipelto M.; Lista S.; Molinuevo J.L.; O\u2019Bryant S.E.; Rabinovici G.D.; Rowe C.; Salloway S.; Schneider L.S.; Sperling R.; Teichmann M.; Carrillo M.C.; Cummings J.; Jack C.R.; Proceedings of the Meeting of the International Working Group (IWG) and the American Alzheimer\u2019s Association on \u201cThe Preclinical State of AD\u201d; July 23, 2015; Washington DC, USA.Preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Definition, natural history, and diagnostic criteria. 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