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The underlying mechanisms are complex, given that sudden heart failure is more common than\nacute myocardial infarction. A contributing role of oxidative stress is postulated, which is increased\neven at early stages of chronic kidney disease, is gradually augmented in parallel to progression to endstage\nrenal disease and is further accelerated by renal replacement therapy. Oxidative stress ensues\nwhen there is an imbalance between reactive pro-oxidants and physiologically occurring electron donating\nantioxidant defence systems. During the last decade, a close association of oxidative stress with\naccelerated atherosclerosis and increased risk for CV and all-cause mortality has been established. Lipid\nperoxidation has been identified as a trigger for endothelial dysfunction, the first step towards atherogenesis.\nIn order to counteract the deleterious effects of free radicals and thereby ameliorate, or delay,\nCV disease, exogenous administration of antioxidants has been proposed. Here, we attempt to summarize\nexisting data from studies that test antioxidants for CV protection, such as vitamins E and C, statins,\nomega-3 fatty acids and N-acetylcysteine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161118666200317151553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T10:24:41Z","timestamp":1584440681000},"page":"41-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Could Antioxidant Supplementation Delay Progression of Cardiovascular Disease in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients?"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Roumeliotis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Roumeliotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xenia","family":"Gorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 40, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 40, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2019.1585372","volume":"41","author":"Roumeliotis A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roumeliotis A.; Roumeliotis S.; Panagoutsos S.; Carotid intima-media thickness is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic kidney disease. 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