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In infants &lt;2 years, we recommend topical corticosteroids\nas first-line medication-based therapy. In infants as young as 3 months, pimecrolimus, a\ntopical calcineurin inhibitor, may also be used. As a last resort in patients &lt;2 years, non-traditional\ntherapies, such as the Aron regime, may be a safer option for refractory or resistant AD before off-\nlabel medications are considered. In children and adolescents &gt;2 years, topical corticosteroids are\nstill considered first-line therapies, but there is sufficient safety data to utilize topical calcineurin inhibitors\nand topical PDE4 inhibitors as well. In children ages 2-12 years whose atopic dermatitis\nfails to respond to prior treatments, oral systemic immunosuppressants can be used. For adolescents\n&gt;12, the biologic, dupilumab, is an additional therapeutic option. A trial of phototherapy may\nalso be utilized in children, particularly in adolescents &gt;12 years, if they have access to treatment.\nAlthough not currently approved for the treatment of AD, Janus-kinase (JAK) inhibitors represent\na promising new class of biologics with recently completed phase III clinical trials (JADE--\nMONO1\/2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396316999200820163434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T16:31:44Z","timestamp":1598459504000},"page":"229-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Brief Academic Review and Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yue Bo","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Gohari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and Dermatology and Skin Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2012.03.001","volume":"41","author":"Mallol J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mallol J.; Crane J.; von Mutius E.; Odhiambo J.; Keil U.; Stewart A.; The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three: a global synthesis. 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