{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T07:38:04Z","timestamp":1792827484638,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CRR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), or Horton\u2019s Arteritis, is a chronic form of vasculitis of the large and medium vessels, especially involving the extracranial branches of the carotid arteries, in particular, the temporal artery, with the involvement of the axillary, femoral and iliac arteries too. Arterial wall inflammation leads to luminal occlusion and tissue ischemia, which is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A substantial number of patients affected by GCA present head and neck symptoms, including ocular, neurological and otorhinolaryngological manifestations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this article is to present pathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment approaches of GCA manifestations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397115666190227194014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T12:03:15Z","timestamp":1551700995000},"page":"259-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA): Pathogenesis, Clinical Aspects and Treatment Approaches"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ciofalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampiero","family":"Gulotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giannicola","family":"Iannella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Pasquariello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Manno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diletta","family":"Angeletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Pace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Altissimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"de Vincentiis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Magliulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 151 - 00161, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70153-8","volume":"26","author":"Evans J.M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Evans J.M.; Hunder G.G.; Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. 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