{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:00:50Z","timestamp":1791219650020,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CRR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Post-Streptococcal Reactive Arthritis (PSRA) is defined as inflammatory\narthritis of \u22651 joint associated with a recent group A streptococcal infection in a patient who does\nnot fulfill the Jones criteria for the diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this narrative review, we conducted a systematic search on MEDLINE, EMBASE,\nCochrane Library and Google Scholar using the words poststreptococcal reactive arthritis. The\nsearch covered the time period between 1982 and 2016. The purpose of this review is to summarize\nthe current state of knowledge of PSRA with respect to the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation\nand treatment. We also summarize the key differences between PSRA, reactive arthritis\n(ReA) and ARF.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>PSRA has a bimodal age distribution at ages 8-14 and 21-37 years with an almost equal\nmale to female ratio. Clinically, it causes acute asymmetrical non-migratory polyarthritis, however,\ntenosynovitis and small joint arthritis may occur. This disease entity can be associated with extraarticular\nmanifestations, including erythema nodosum, uveitis and glomerulonephritis. The frequency\nof HLA-B27 in PSRA does not differ from that of the normal population, which suggests\nthat it is a separate entity from ReA. Involvement of the axial skeleton, including sacroiliitis, is uncommon\nin PSRA. PSRA tends to occur within 10 days of a group A streptococcal infection, as\nopposed to the 2 to 3 weeks delay for ARF. PSRA can be associated with prolonged or recurrent\narthritis, in contrast to ARF, in which arthritis usually lasts a few days to 3 weeks. Treatment usually\ninvolves NSAIDs or corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We summarize clinical features that help differentiate PSRA from ARF and ReA.\nFirst-line treatment options include NSAIDs and corticosteroids. Most cases resolve spontaneously\nwithin a few weeks, but some cases are recurrent or prolonged. There are no published randomized\ncontrolled trials of PSRA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397115666190808110337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T12:46:09Z","timestamp":1565268369000},"page":"2-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Post-Streptococcal Reactive Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yasser","family":"Bawazir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanveer","family":"Towheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tassos","family":"Anastassiades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.05.044","volume":"153","author":"Barash J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barash J.; Mashiach E.; Navon-Elkan P.; Pediatric Rheumatology study group of Israel. 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