{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:14:45Z","timestamp":1783008885503,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CRR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Avascular necrosis is a common complication in patients with SLE.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of avascular necrosis\namong SLE patients receiving steroid therapy at various doses in combination with immunosuppressants.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this retrospective study, the medical records of all SLE patients under follow-up at the\noutpatient clinics of Cairo and Kafr Elsheikh University hospitals through the period from November\n2014 to August 2019 were included. Avascular necrosis was diagnosed by the findings of different\nimaging modalities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We retrieved the medical records of 770 SLE patients during the study period; of them, 55\npatients (7.1%) had avascular necrosis. There was significant higher usage of cyclophosphamide (p\n= 0.003), total cumulative dose of steroids 15-35g plus immunosuppressants (p &lt; 0.001), and\nsteroids &gt;35g plus immunosuppressants (p = 0.016) in the avascular necrosis cohort. Based on the\nunivariate analysis, disease duration of more than five years and cumulative use of steroids were\nstatistically significant predictors for the evolvement of avascular necrosis. Multivariate logistic regression\nanalysis revealed that a disease duration of more than five years was associated independently\nwith avascular necrosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our data seem to show a role of the association of immunosuppressants plus steroids\nin the risk of developing avascular necrosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397117666210907124242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T05:02:50Z","timestamp":1631077370000},"page":"144-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predictors of Avascular Necrosis in a Cohort of Egyptian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Retrospective Two Centers Study"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Abdelkawy A.","family":"Moghazy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant professor of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer of\nPhysical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr El Sheikh University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4140\/TCP.n.2013.110","volume":"28","author":"Gurevitz S.L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gurevitz S.L.; Snyder J.A.; Wessel E.K.; Frey J.; Williamson B.A.; Systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of the disease and treatment options. 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