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Many strategies exist for the\nmanagement of DM and its control, including treatment with insulin and insulin analogs, oral hypoglycemic\ntherapy such as insulin secretion stimulators and insulin sensitizers, and diet and physical training.\nOver the years, many types of drugs and molecules with an interesting pharmacological diversity\nhave been developed and proposed for their anti-diabetic potential. Such molecules target diverse key\nreceptors, enzymes, and regulatory\/signaling proteins known to be directly or indirectly involved in the\npathophysiology of DM. Among them, insulin receptor (IR) is undoubtedly the target of choice for its\ncentral role in insulin-mediated glucose homeostasis and its utilization by the major insulin-sensitive tissues\nsuch as skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, and the liver. In this review, we focus on the implication\nof antibodies targeting IR in the pathology of DM as well as the recent advances in the development of\nIR antibodies as promising anti-diabetic drugs. The challenge still entails development of more powerful,\nhighly selective, and safer anti-diabetic drugs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399816666200604122345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T17:22:51Z","timestamp":1591291371000},"page":"198-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anti-Insulin Receptor Antibodies in the Pathology and Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Arshida","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), PO Box 15551, Al Ain,United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrasheed","family":"Palakkott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), PO Box 15551, Al Ain,United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-578X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammed Akli","family":"Ayoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), PO Box 15551, Al Ain,United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.28.12.1039","volume":"28","year":"1979","unstructured":"Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. 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