{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T21:43:13Z","timestamp":1779313393933,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010725","name":"An-Najah National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANNU-1718-Sc023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANNU-1718-Sc023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Curcumin is a safe, versatile natural product with unlimited number of\nbiological activities and a precursor for various heterocyclic compounds.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study was aimed to the development of a curcumin based antimicrobial\nreagent with high potency against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Herein we report a simple and convenient one step method for synthesizing a series of\n1,4-benzodiazepines via condensation cyclization reaction between curcumin and various 1,2-\nphenylenediamine in refluxed ethanol.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A series of new 1,4-benzodiazepins were synthesized and their structures were supported\nby FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral analysis. Synthesized 1,4-benzodiazepins were\nevaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram positive (S. aureus and S. epidermidis)\nand gram negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) bacteria. They exhibited low to high potency\nagainst the tested organisms. In particular, dichlorinated 1,4-benzodiazepine 9 exhibited a remarkable\npotency against the gram-positive bacteria S. aureus (MIC: 3.125 \u03bcg mL-1, MBC: 12 \u03bcg mL-1).\nIt showed a higher potency than most of the tested reference drugs. Compound 9 showed the medium\nactivity against E. coli. Genotoxic study revealed that, benzodiazepines 9 attacked the DNA of E.\ncoli strains and damaged it. The potency of compound 9, could be attributed to the multiple chlorine\natoms present on the aromatic ring.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Some of the synthesized curcumin based benzodiazepines showed excellent potency\nagainst gram positive bacteria. These benzodiazepines could be a great candidate as a future antimicrobial\nagent.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1573406415666190826160251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T20:08:13Z","timestamp":1566850093000},"page":"1112-1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["New Insights Towards 1,4-Benzodiazepines from Curcumin. Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Othman","family":"Hamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oswa","family":"Fares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaima","family":"Taleeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghaleb","family":"Adwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haythem","family":"Saadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirate University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shehdeh","family":"Jodeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Algarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/174462","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T06:16:05Z","timestamp":1606198565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/174462\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573406415666190826160251","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-4064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-4064","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2019-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-08","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}