{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:52:37Z","timestamp":1740142357644,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005001","name":"Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OG-94150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OG-94150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The enteric protozoa, Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis), consists of\neight distinct assemblages (A-H) with identical morphological characteristics and a direct life\ncycle. Successful axenic cultivation of this parasite is an important preliminary step for biological,\ndrug resistance and phylogenetic studies. Moreover, G. duodenalis exhibits great genetic and\nbiotypic diversity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The current study aimed to evaluate in vitro culture and multilocus genotyping of G.\nduodenalis trophozoites obtained from human fecal samples in southwest Iran.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirty human fecal specimens containing G. duodenalis cysts were collected from\nAhvaz city (southwest of Iran). The purification of cysts was carried out by the sucrose flotation\ntechnique. The cysts were inoculated in a modified TYI-S-33 medium and was daily monitored\nfor the development and viability of trophozoites. After extracting DNA, gdh, bg and tpi genes\nwere evaluated using molecular techniques (the semi-nested PCR for gdh gene and the nested\nPCR for tpi and bg genes). Eventually, the amplified fragments were sequenced and then, the\nphylogenetic tree was drawn.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of 30, the trophozoites were encysted from five samples. All three genes were detected\nin two cases of five samples using molecular techniques. The multilocus phylogenetic analysis\ndemonstrated that all the two samples belonged to assemblage A and sub-assemblage A\u0406\u0406.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our findings indicated the presence of different numbers of trophozoites with variable\ndevelopment and survival rates in modified TYI-S-33 medium. Furthermore, the multilocus genotyping\nshowed that these trophozoites belonged to assemblage A and sub-assemblage A\u0406\u0406.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1573409919666230418095958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T03:21:09Z","timestamp":1681960869000},"page":"145-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In vitro Culture and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis\nTrophozoites Obtained from Human Fecal Samples in Southwest of Iran"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hossein Ali","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Asgarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"},{"name":"School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Tavalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology,\nInfectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of\nMedical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shokouh","family":"Ghafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University\nof Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord\nUniversity of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kobra","family":"Kohansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology,\nInfectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of\nMedical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2111-y","volume":"10","author":"Squire S.A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Squire S.A.; Ryan U.; Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: Current and future challenges. 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