{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:58:46Z","timestamp":1775609926920,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Research Council of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["970899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["970899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CRCEP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by\nendothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. It is an important regulator of a complex\nhumoral and cellular inflammatory response. IL-1\u03b2 is known to be implicated in the development of\nchronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to review the effects of IL-1\u03b2\nantagonists in various cardiovascular disorders and to discuss their effectiveness in such diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Major biomedical databases, including PubMed and Scopus, were searched for clinical\nstudies regarding the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using IL-1\u03b2 antagonists.\nResults: The drugs currently used in clinical trials are anakinra, the monoclonal antibodies canakinumab\nand gevokizumab, and the soluble decoy receptor rilonacept. There are clinical trials and\ncase reports of patients with CVD in which anakinra administration, at the standard dose, has\ncaused rapid clinical improvement and recovery in a few months. Our comprehensive search revealed\nthat IL-1\u03b2 antagonists have beneficial effects in the treatment of various cardiovascular\ndisorders such as myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial\ninfarction, atherosclerosis, and Kawasaki disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present review article shows that IL-1\u03b2 has a major role in the pathophysiology\nof cardiovascular disorders, its antagonists have beneficial effects in these conditions, and their\nuse should be considered in future studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1574884715666200716145935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T06:29:37Z","timestamp":1594967377000},"page":"219-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inhibition of Interleukin-1 in the Treatment of Selected Cardiovascular Complications"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh Sadat","family":"Heydari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Zare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5032-4263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Roohbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/183804","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/183804\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/183804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T12:54:35Z","timestamp":1632833675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/183804\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1574884715666200716145935","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-4328"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-4328","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2019-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-28","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}