{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T20:08:49Z","timestamp":1773259729036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNSAMC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Benzimidazole (albendazole), imidazothiazole (levamisole) and imidazole (euconazole)\nare used in chemotherapy of helminthosis and mycosis respectively, with central nervous system\n(CNS) side effects. But only a limited number of azole groups are used clinically in the treatment of CNS\ndiseases, which are on increase and could not be cured permanently. Due to increased incidence of more\nchallenging new CNS diseases, there is a need for the synthesis of more potent CNS drugs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title> Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hence, literature studies were carried out for the identification of common pathways for the\nsynthesis of the three groups of compounds, their CNS properties and the possibility of modifying them to\npotent CNS drugs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title> Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Findings have shown that gloxal with formaldehyde in the presence of ammonia can be converted\ninto imidazole, imidazothiazole and benzimidazole via distillation, condensation, alkylation, acylation,\noxidation, cyclization, sulphation and amidation. However, agents such as phosphorus pentoxide, ethanolic\npotassium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium hexafluroaluminate, aniline, calcium acetate,\ncalcium benzoate, sodium hydroxide, aromatic aldehydes, bromoketones, alpha dicarbonyl compounds\namong others are used as reagents. The furan ring(s) may have a strong capability of penetrating CNS for\nthe treatment of neurological disorders. The products from the three groups have agonistic, antagonistic,\nmixed agonistic and mixed antagonistic depressant and stimulant activities due to the presence of\nheteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Imidazole may be the most potent with best characteristics\nof CNS penetrability and activity followed by imidazothiazole and benzimidazole.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Azole group is common to all the three classes and may be responsible for some of their CNS\neffects. The resultant compounds could act via all neurotransmitters, voltage and ligand-gated ion channels\nand may be chiral.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1871524919666190621160323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T11:36:31Z","timestamp":1572435391000},"page":"3-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Conversion of Benzimidazoles, Imidazothiazoles and Imidazoles into more Potent Central Nervous System Acting Drugs"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Saganuwan A.","family":"Saganuwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/172936","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,4]],"date-time":"2020-03-04T12:34:08Z","timestamp":1583325248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/172936\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871524919666190621160323","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-5249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-5249","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2019-01-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-09","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}