{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T15:16:10Z","timestamp":1748358970357,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IDDT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Epididymo-orchitis is a common urological disease among men. Little is\nknown about the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the disease in Iran. Thus, the present study\nwas aimed at investigating the etiology, clinical sequelae and risk factors of patients with epididymo-\norchitis in Tehran, Iran.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods::<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients presenting with epididymo-orchitis were prospectively analyzed in order to\nstudy the etiology and pattern of the disease. Bacteriological, molecular and serological tests were\nundertaken to look for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Brucella spp., Mycoplasma\nspp, and other bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fifty patients with epididymo-orchitis were evaluated according to their clinical symptoms,\nduration of symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory studies. The mean age of the patients\nwas 53 years. Fever, dysuria, pain in the flanks, urinary frequency and discharges occurred in\n58.0%, 50.0%, 50.0%, 28.0% and 6.0%, respectively. Bacterial pathogen was identified in 26%\n(13\/50) of patients by urine culture. Escherichia coli was the etiological agent in 11\/13 patients\n(84.6%). Two out of 50 patients (4.0%) were also positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. Two samples\nwere serologically positive for Brucella spp. High Mean age, fever, urinary frequency, history\nof the underlying disease and history of urinary tract infections were found to have a significant association\nwith the positive bacteriologic urine culture (P&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The most common clinical manifestations were fever, dysuria, and abdominal pain. E. coli and C. trachomatis were the major causative agents. Use of a set of diagnostic approaches including clinical symptoms, urine culture and more precise techniques such as PCR should be taken into consideration for the definitive diagnosis.\n<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526520666200218115400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T12:43:36Z","timestamp":1582029816000},"page":"142-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Etiology and Clinical Features of Epididymo-orchitis: A Single-center Study in Tehran, Iran"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7117-6079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara","family":"Abolghasemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Labbafinejad Clinical Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmenet of Microbiology, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Tehrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","first-page":"583","volume":"79","author":"Trojian T.H.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trojian T.H.; Lishnak T.S.; Heiman D.; Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview. 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