{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:47:53Z","timestamp":1787024873844,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IDDT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected more than seven million individuals in 213 countries\nworldwide with a basic reproduction number ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 and an estimated case fatality rate ranging from 2% to\n7%. A substantial proportion of COVID-19 patients are asymptomatic; however, symptomatic cases might present with fever, cough, and dyspnoea or severe symptoms up to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Currently, RNA RT-PCR is the\nscreening tool, while bilateral chest CT is the confirmatory clinical diagnostic test. Several drugs have been repurposed to\ntreat COVID-19, including chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin, lopinavir\/ritonavir combination, remdesivir, favipiravir, tocilizumab, and EIDD-1931. Recently, Remdesivir gained FDA emergency approval based on\npromising early findings from the interim analysis of 1063 patients. The recently developed serology testing for SARSCoV-2 antibodies opened the door to evaluate the actual burden of the disease and to determine the rate of the population\nwho have been previously infected (or developed immunity). This review article summarizes current data on the COVID-19\npandemic starting from the early outbreak, viral structure and origin, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria,\nand future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526520666201216165322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T10:07:57Z","timestamp":1609754877000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An Updated Review on COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5284-2929","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahmoud Ahmed","family":"Ebada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia,Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Wadaa-Allah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo,Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshak","family":"Bahbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta,Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Negida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, El-Sharkia,Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/189190","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/189190\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/189190","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T01:49:55Z","timestamp":1641347395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/189190\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871526520666201216165322","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-5265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-5265","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2020-06-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-03","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e160921189190"}}