{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T02:07:29Z","timestamp":1776910049363,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CNSNDDT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that is being actively explored as a potential therapeutic modality in various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, neuropathic pain, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders, including the Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved rTMS for the treatment of major depression, migraine-associated headaches, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The fact that a significant proportion of patients suffering from these disorders fail to respond to current pharmacological interventions indicates the need for alternative therapies like rTMS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective was to find and summarize all studies combining the use of rTMS and pharmacological interference in vitro, in order to facilitate future studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of studies combining the use of rTMS with pharmacological interference in vitro were focused on. The PubMed database was searched using the terms \u201crTMS\u201d, \u201crepetitive\u201d, \u201ctranscranial\u201d, \u201cmagnetic\u201d, \u201cstimulation\u201d, \u201cin vitro\u201d, \u201cin vivo\u201d, \u201ccell cultures\u201d untilMarch 2019 and 7 eligible studies were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall results show a synergistic effect of rTMS and pharmacotherapy in vitro with additive effectiveness, better prognosis, and superior potential management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The limited amount of knowledge denotes the need for additional in vitro studies on the combination of rTMS and pharmacotherapy, which could be extended to in vivo studies and ultimately help design clinical trials so as to improve the therapeutic management of patients with a wide array of neuropsychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527319666200518100716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T08:16:00Z","timestamp":1589789760000},"page":"220-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Combination of rTMS and Pharmacotherapy on In Vitro Models: A Mini-Review"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3781-9680","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chryssa","family":"Pourzitaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7055-0647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Dardalas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4840-9748","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frideriki","family":"Poutoglidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3615-9745","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kouvelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3335-3019","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vasilios K.","family":"Kimiskidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3456","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.3456","volume":"10(10)","author":"Habib,S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Habib S, Hamid U, Jamil A.;et al. 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