{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:35:46Z","timestamp":1761514546857,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EMIDDT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clerodendrum paniculatum has ethnomedicinal importance in treatment of disorders like wound, typhoid, jaundice, malaria and anemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced rat model and identification of its bioactive constituents by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC MS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Successive solvent extraction was carried out. Total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and 2-Azino-bis [3-ethyl benzothiazoline- 6-sufonic acid] (ABTS method) were done. Ethyl acetate extract was selected for hepatoprotective study in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated model followed by the measurement of liver function marker enzymes such as SGOT (Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase), SGPT (Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase), and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase). Biochemical parameters like bilirubin and protein were measured. Histopathologic liver sections were carried out. Bioactive constituents were evaluated by GC MS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>By DPPH and ABTS method, ethyl acetate extract showed IC50 as 70.14\u00b10.92 \u03bcg\/ml,2958.24\u00b12.460 \u03bcg\/ml, respectively. The alcoholic extract showed maximum IC50 (197.22 \u00b17.16 \u03bcg\/ml) by Nitric oxide radical scavenging method. Hepatoprotective study reveals that intoxicated animal groups have elevated levels of enzymes and bilirubin and suppress the production of protein. The extract pre-treatment showed a significant decrease in enzymes and increased production of total protein in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathologic studies also support the hepatoprotective activity. GC MS analysis revealed the presence of seven major bioactive constituents with ethyl palmitate as the major one.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results support the proof for the hepatoprotective potential of the CPLE extract with potent antioxidant activity and enhanced liver enzyme level. The observed activity could be due to the presence of bioactive compounds as identified by GC MS analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530320666200312152331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T13:36:57Z","timestamp":1584020217000},"page":"1097-1109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum Leaf on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Toxicity Model in Swiss Albino Rats and Its Characterization by GC-MS"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8844-6159","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Remya","family":"Kopilakkal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore - 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7948-9950","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Balamurali M.","family":"Musuvathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai - 600 127, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2008.4089","volume":"4","author":"Pham-Huy L.A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pham-Huy L.A.; He H.; Pham-Huy C.; Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. Int J Biomed Sci 2008,4(2),89-96","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"ref=2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/41.12.1819","volume":"41","author":"Gutteridge J.M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gutteridge J.M.; Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem 1995,41(12 Pt 2),1819-1828","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref=3","author":"Javier M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Javier M.; Maria D.A.; Amadeo G.V.; Alfonso P.; Gabriwl C.; Fernando F.; Juana M.; Pilar Z.; Phenolic composition, antioxi-dant activity and in vitro availability of four different berries. J Chem 2016","journal-title":"J Chem"},{"key":"ref=4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3182439613","volume":"5","author":"Birben E.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Birben E.; Sahiner U.M.; Sackesen C.; Erzurum S.; Kalayci O.; Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Allergy Organ J 2012,5(1),9-19","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"ref=5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5988","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15095988","volume":"15","author":"Gan R.Y.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gan R.Y.; Kuang L.; Xu X.R.; Zhang Y.; Xia E.Q.; Song F.L.; Li H.B.; Screening of natural antioxidants from traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with treatment of rheumatic disease. Molecules 2010,15(9),5988-5997","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref=6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00809-2","volume":"32","author":"Kasprzak K.S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kasprzak K.S.; Oxidative DNA and protein damage in metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 2002,32(10),958-967","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"ref=7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5408.2002.00005.x","volume":"5","author":"Jacob R.A.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jacob R.A.; Sotoudeh G.; Vitamin C function and status in chronic disease. Nutr Clin Care 2002,5(2),66-74","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Care"},{"key":"ref=8","first-page":"301","volume":"10","author":"Mujeeb M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mujeeb M.; Alam Khan S.; Aeri V.; Ali B.; Hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Ficuscarica Linn. Leaves in Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Iran J Pharm Res 2011,10(2),301-306","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref=9","first-page":"222","volume":"17","author":"Montemayor C.D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Montemayor C.D.; Perez C.; Aranda R.S.; Minsky N.W.; Mod-els of hepatoprotective activity assessment. MedicinaUniversitar-ia 2015,17(69),222-228","journal-title":"MedicinaUniversitar-ia"},{"key":"ref=10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1498","volume":"18","author":"Mroueh M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mroueh M.; Saab Y.; Rizkallah R.; Hepatoprotective activity of Centaurium erythraea on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytother Res 2004,18(5),431-433","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"ref=11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-6189(13)60021-9","volume":"1","author":"Feroz A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feroz A.; Nahida T.; Experimental models used for the study of antihepatotoxic agents. J Acute Dis 2012,1(2),85-89","journal-title":"J Acute Dis"},{"key":"ref=12","first-page":"487","author":"Meyer S.A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Meyer S.A.; Kulkarni A.P.; Introduction to biochemical toxicology, 3rd; New York,2001,487-490"},{"key":"ref=13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.08.073","volume":"103","author":"Rao G.M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rao G.M.; Rao C.V.; Pushpangadan P.; Shirwaikar A.; Hepatoprotective effects of rubiadin, a major constituent of Rubia cordifolia Linn. J Ethnopharmacol 2006,103(3),484-490","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"ref=14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.162651","volume":"332","author":"Roth R.A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roth R.A.; Ganey P.E.; Intrinsic versus idiosyncratic drug-induced hepatotoxicity--two villains or one? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010,332(3),692-697","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"ref=15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709788803097","volume":"16","author":"Russmann S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Russmann S.; Kullak-Ublick G.A.; Grattagliano I.; Current concepts of mechanisms in drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Curr Med Chem 2009,16(23),3041-3053","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"ref=16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.210330","volume":"9","author":"Gogoi N.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gogoi N.; Gogoi A.; Neog B.; Baruah D.; Singh K.D.; evalua-tion of antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of fruit rind ex-tract of Garcinia dulcis (Roxburg). Pharmacognosy Res 2017,9(3),266-272","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Res"},{"key":"ref=17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2011.576360","volume":"16","author":"Nizar T.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nizar T.; Walid E.; Hedia H.; Yassine Y.; Abdelhamid K.; Ali F.; Nizar N.; Screening of natural antioxidants from selected me-dicinal plants. Int J Food Prop 2013,16(5),1117-1126","journal-title":"Int J Food Prop"},{"key":"ref=18","first-page":"87","volume":"1","author":"Shajiselvin C.D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shajiselvin C.D.; Rakhi A.R.; Evaluation of hypolipidemic effect of various extracts of whole plant of Clerodendrum paniculatum in rat fed with high fat diet. European J Biomed. Pharm Sci 2014,1(1),87-96","journal-title":"Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref=19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.7897\/2277-4572.02220","volume":"2","author":"Chethana G.S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chethana G.S.; Hari V.; Gopinath S.M.; Review on Clerodendruminerme. J Pharm Sci Innov 2013,2(2),38-40","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci Innov"},{"key":"ref=20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.137025","author":"Kirtikar K.R.","year":"1918","unstructured":"Kirtikar K.R.; Basu B.D.; Indian Medicinal Plants 1918,877","journal-title":"Indian Medicinal Plants"},{"key":"ref=21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.9735\/0976-0482.3.3.71-76","volume":"3","author":"Prasad M.P.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prasad M.P.; Sushant S.; Chikkaswamy B.K.; Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant potential, antibacterial activity and molecu-lar characterization of Clerodendrum species. Int J Mol Biol 2012,3(3),71-76","journal-title":"Int J Mol Biol"},{"author":"Khandelwal K.R.","key":"ref=22","unstructured":"Khandelwal K.R.; Varunda S.; Practical pharmacognosy, techniques and experiments , 3.1-3.5."},{"year":"2002","author":"Trease G.E.","key":"ref=23","unstructured":"Trease G.E.; Evans W.C.; Pharmacognosy 2002"},{"key":"ref=24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(10)60084-3","volume":"3","author":"Krishanthi P.M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krishanthi P.M.; Rathinam X.; Kassi M.; Ayyalu D.; Surash R.; Sadassivam K.; Sreeramanan S.; A comparative study on the antioxidant acivity of methanolic leaf extracts ofFicusreligi-osaL,Chromolaenaodorata (L.) King","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"ref=25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.188875","volume":"8","author":"Basu P.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Basu P.; Maier C.; Invitro antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents of seven commercially available fruits. Pharmacognosy Res 2016,8(4),258-264","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Res"},{"key":"ref=26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(15)30067-4","volume":"34","author":"Subedi L.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Subedi L.; Timalsena S.; Duwadi P.; Thapa R.; Paudel A.; Parajuli K.; Antioxidant activity and phenol and flavonoid contents of eight medicinal plants from Western Nepal. J Tradit Chin Med 2014,34(5),584-590","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"ref=27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/157125","author":"Irsha M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Irsha M.; Zafaryab M.D.; Man Singh; Moshahid, M.A. Com-parative analysis of the antioxidant activity of Cassia fistula ex-tracts. Int J Med Chem 2012,1-6","journal-title":"Int J Med Chem"},{"key":"ref=28","first-page":"296","volume":"22","author":"Duo Q.D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duo Q.D.; Ankawijaya A.E.; Tran-Nguyen P.L.; Huynh L.H.; Soetaredjo F.E.; Ismadji S.; Hsu J.Y.; Effects of extraction sol-vent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antiox-idant activity of Limnophila aromatic. Yao Wu Shi Pin Fen Xi 2014,22,296-302","journal-title":"Yao Wu Shi Pin Fen Xi"},{"key":"ref=29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.03.051","volume":"44","author":"Ameida M.M.B.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ameida M.M.B.; Sousa P.H.M.; Arriaga A.M.C.; Prado G.M.P.; Magalhaes C.E.; Maia G.A.; Lemos T.L.G.; Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fresh exotic fruits from northeastern Brazil. Int Food Res J 2011,44,2155-2159","journal-title":"Int Food Res J"},{"key":"ref=30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacme.2013.06.003","volume":"3","author":"Govindan P.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Govindan P.; Muthukrishnan S.; Evaluation of total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity of Boerhaviadiffusa. J Acute Med 2013,3(3),103-109","journal-title":"J Acute Med"},{"key":"ref=31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacme.2012.04.002","volume":"2","author":"Venkatachalam U.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Venkatachalam U.; Muthukrishnan S.; Free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Desmodiumgangeticum. J Acute Med 2012,2(2),36-42","journal-title":"J Acute Med"},{"key":"ref=32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60159-4","volume":"4","author":"Mondal A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mondal A.; Maity T.K.; Pal D.; Sannigrahi S.; Singh J.; Isolation and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn. against chemically induced liver injuries in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011,4(8),619-623","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"ref=33","first-page":"22","volume":"7","author":"Balasubramanian T.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Balasubramanian T.; Tapan K.C.; Hepatoprotective and antioxi-dant effects of Stereospermumsuaveolens on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in rats. J Complement Integr Med 2010,7(1),22","journal-title":"J Complement Integr Med"},{"key":"ref=34","first-page":"43","author":"Ecobichon D.J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ecobichon D.J.; The basis of toxicology testing 1997,43-86","journal-title":"The basis of toxicology testing"},{"key":"ref=35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(10)60148-4","volume":"3","author":"Azeem A.K.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Azeem A.K.; Mathew M.; Hepatoprotective effect of Averrhoea-carambola fruit extract on Carbon tetrachloride induced hepato-toxicity in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2010,3(8),610-613","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"ref=36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60126-0","volume":"4","author":"Gnanadesignan M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gnanadesignan M.; Ravikumar S.; hepatoprotective and antioxi-dant properties of marine halophyte Luminetzeraracemosa bark extract in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011,4(6),462-465","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"ref=37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.941506","volume":"53","author":"Li C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li C.; Yi L.T.; Geng D.; Han Y.Y.; Weng L.J.; Hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract from Berchemia lineate against CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice. Pharm Biol 2015,53(5),767-772","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"ref=38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.03.016","volume":"129","author":"Zhou D.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou D.; Ruan J.; Cai Y.; Xiong Z.; Fu W.; Wei A.; Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of Arachniodes exilis (Hance). Ching J Ethnopharmacol 2010,129(2),232-237","journal-title":"Ching J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"ref=39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4103\/ajm.AJM_199_17","volume":"8","author":"Zarezade V.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zarezade V.; Moludi J.; Mostafazadeh M.; Mohammadi M.; Veisi A.; Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Artemisia dracunculus against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed 2018,8(1),51-62","journal-title":"Avicenna J Phytomed"},{"key":"ref=40","first-page":"316","volume":"31","author":"Saraswat B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saraswat B.; Visen P.; Patnaik G.K.; Dhawan B.N.; Anticholes-tatic effect of Picroliv, active hepatoprotective principle of Picro-rhizakurrooa against Ccl4 induced cholestasis. Indian J Exp. Bio 1993,31,316-318","journal-title":"Bio"},{"key":"ref=41","first-page":"538","volume":"45","author":"Vidya S.M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vidya S.M.; Krishna V.; Manjunatha B.K.; Mankani K.L.; Ahmed M.; Singh S.D.; Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Clerodendrum serratum L. Indian J Exp Biol 2007,45(6),538-542","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref=42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.02.022","volume":"231","author":"Jiang Y.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiang Y.; Fan X.; Wang Y.; Tan H.; Chen P.; Zeng H.; Huang M.; Bi H.; Hepato-protective effects of six schisandra lignans on acetaminophen-induced liver injury are partially associated with the inhibition of CYP-mediated bioactivation. Chem Biol Interact 2015,231,83-89","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"ref=43","first-page":"47","volume":"21","author":"Xu M.L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu M.L.; Wang L.L.; Protective effects of aqueous extract of cortex dictamni on myocardial ischemia perfusion injury in rats. Acta Labor Animalis Scientia Sinica 2013,21,47-52","journal-title":"Acta Labor Animalis Scientia Sinica"},{"key":"ref=44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.01.023","volume":"25","author":"Liu Y.J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu Y.J.; Du J.L.; Cao L.P.; Jia R.; Shen Y.J.; Zhao C.Y.; Xu,p.; Yin, G.J. Anti-inflammatory and protective effect of Ganodermalucidum polysaccharides on Ccl4 induced hepatocyte damage in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.). Int Immunopharmacol 2015,25(1),112-120","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"journal-title":"L; Xin,H; Zheng,G; Su,Y; Ling,C Hepatoprotective activity of the total saponins from Actiinidavalvatadunn root against car-bon tetrachloride induced liver damage in mice Evid","year":"2012","key":"ref=45","unstructured":"L; Xin,H; Zheng,G; Su,Y; Ling,C Hepatoprotective activity of the total saponins from Actiinidavalvatadunn root against car-bon tetrachloride induced liver damage in mice Evid u2012"},{"key":"ref=46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60227-7","volume":"4","author":"Gupta R.K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta R.K.; Hussain T.; Panigrahi G.; Das A.; Singh G.N.; Sweety K.; Faiyazuddin M.; Rao C.V.; Hepatoprotective effect of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract against CCl4 induced acute liver toxicity in experimental animals. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011,4(12),964-968","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"}],"container-title":["Endocrine, Metabolic &amp; Immune Disorders - Drug Targets"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/180155","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/180155\/article","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eurekaselect.com\/article\/download\/180155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T01:28:50Z","timestamp":1722562130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/180155\/article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]}},"alternative-id":["LiveAll1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871530320666200312152331","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-5303"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1871-5303"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2019-10-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-16","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}