{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T21:39:02Z","timestamp":1770327542072,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EMIDDT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide.\nEarly breast cancer is a kind of invasive neoplasm that has not proliferated beyond the breast\nor the axillary lymph nodes. Current therapeutic strategies for breast cancer mainly include local\ntherapies such as surgery or radiotherapy and systemic therapies like chemotherapy, endocrine, and\ntargeted therapy. Nowadays, the adjuvant treatment for hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer\nin postmenopausal women remains the main effective systemic therapy which can improve disease-\nfree survival and overall survival; it involves several endocrine treatment regimens, including\nSelective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs), Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs), or a combination\nof them. AIs have been shown to be more effective in preventing recurrence in postmenopausal women\nwith early breast cancer when compared with tamoxifen, thus representing the standard of\ncare for adjuvant endocrine therapy. Although AIs are usually well-tolerated, they can have some\nside effects. Apart from the appearance of arthralgias or myalgias and cardiovascular events, AI\ntherapies, reducing already low endogenous postmenopausal estradiol levels, cause increased bone\nloss and increase fracture risk in postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objective of this review is to evaluate the therapeutic options in the management\nof Aromatase Inhibitor-Associated Bone Loss (AIBL).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We reviewed the current literature dealing with different therapeutic options in the treatment\nof AIBL.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Clinical practice guidelines recommend a careful evaluation of skeletal health in all women\nwith breast cancer before AI therapy initiation. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake have also\nbeen suggested. Pharmacological attempts to minimize AI-related bone loss have focused on the\nuse of antiresorptive agents, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab to protect bone integrity and\nreduce the risk of fractures. Furthermore, clinical trials have shown that by making the bone microenvironment\nless susceptible to breast cancer metastasis, these drugs are able to increase disease-\nfree survival.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>AI, that are the pillar of the systemic treatment for patients with hormone receptor--\npositive breast cancer, are associated with different side effects, and in particular, osteoporosis and\nfractures. Both bisphosphonates and denosumab are able to prevent this negative effect.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530321666210809153152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T19:10:26Z","timestamp":1628536226000},"page":"259-273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Therapeutic Options for the Management of Aromatase Inhibitor-\nAssociated Bone Loss"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9958-9606","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agostino","family":"Gaudio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5126-0927","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Xourafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Policlinic G.\nRodolico, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Rapisarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Policlinic G.\nRodolico, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9014-2007","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pietro","family":"Castellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization international agency for research on cancer. 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