{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T15:26:07Z","timestamp":1740151567224,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council of Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(CNPq) 1\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(CNPq) 1\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["eurekaselect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BIOT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Bacterial infections are increasingly difficult to combat, which makes them\na threat to public health on a global level. Staphylococcus aureus is considered one of the main causes\nof infections in hospitals, as it has a variety of virulence factors, as well as is able to produce bacterial\nbiofilms, which, consequently, bring numerous damages to public health as a result of increased\nresistance to conventional antibiotics and a longer hospital stay. Therefore, the use of compounds extracted\nfrom medicinal plants is a potential pharmaceutically acceptable target, as they do not have\ntoxicity and the potential to disrupt biofilms produced by Staphylococcus aureus already evidenced,\nthus revealing their relevance to our study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objective of this work was to perform a critical analysis of a patent with natural extracts\nagainst bacterial biofilms found in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database,\nto map the possible bioactive compounds that may serve as potential future antimicrobial drugs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A technological survey was carried out to verify existing patents using natural extracts with\nanti-biofilm potential. For this, it was searched with the keywords: Botanical extracts AND biofilms;\nwhich were performed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database. Thus, the\nselected patent used a non-aqueous extract partitioned and vacuum-contracted, subsequently lyophilized\nfor assays with antimicrobial potential. Because of this, a patent was analyzed regarding its chemistry,\nand biological activity, followed by a critical analysis of the technology proposed in the invention.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>When using the keywords Botanical extracts AND biofilms in the USPTO, it was possible to\nfind twenty-two inventions; however, only four patents in the USPTO were in agreement with the\nproposal of the natural extract having antimicrobial activity and an anti-biofilm potential, of which\ntwo belonged to the same applicant with similar proposals. The key point of this invention was to enable\nthe compounds of the Castanea sativa plant and its methods of obtaining the extract to present a\nsignificant antimicrobial action associated or not with antibiotics, promoting the development of new\ntherapies against bacterial infections capable of disrupting biofilms. The invention developed a\nmethodology for extracting Castanea sativa, in which pentacyclic triterpene compounds were found\nmostly in its leaves. Whereas for the extraction, the crude methanol extracts called extracts 224 from\nthe ground leaves were made by maceration, filtered, combined, concentrated under pressure in rotary\nevaporators, and lyophilized. After that, they were resuspended in water and partitioned in succession\nwith hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The most active refined partition was the 224C extract\nwith the solvent ethyl acetate, which was subjected to further fractionation using silica column chromatography.\nResulting in the most refined extract, which was 224C-F2, capable of acting directly on\nthe quorum sensing of bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, blocking the translation of RNAIII,\nincluding a series of exotoxins. Regarding the antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus,\nit presented Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration\n(MBC) of 1.56 \u03bcg\/mL-1 and &gt; 100 \u03bcg\/mL -1, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Given the analyzed patent, it was possible to verify the importance of alternatives to reduce\nthe impact of bacterial biofilms, which causes damage to industries in general and to health. From\nthis, the invention analyzed has a promising proposal with antimicrobial potential focusing on the great\nimpact of bacterial biofilms. Therefore, natural extracts with antibiofilmic potential can help to minimize\nthe economic losses caused to health due to these multidrug-resistant microorganisms with different\nvirulence mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1872208317666230420105000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T10:20:49Z","timestamp":1685960449000},"page":"152-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Botanical Extracts and Compounds of Castanea Plants and Methods\nof Use: US20190125818A1 - The United States Patent Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5807-4614","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatiane Batista","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4462-693X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Denilson","family":"dos Santos Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3698-1456","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agenor Gomes","family":"dos Santos Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4177-5086","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L\u00edvia Maria","family":"do Amorim Costa Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8154-1030","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniela","family":"Droppa-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology and Research, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1456919","volume":"16","author":"Khan A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khan A.; Miller W.R.; Arias C.A.; Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance among hospital-associated pathogens. 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