{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T12:24:36Z","timestamp":1648902276918},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,14]],"date-time":"2011-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318550400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openbiomedicalengineeringjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOBEJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pedicle screw (PS) malpositioning rates are high in spine surgery. This has resulted in the use of computed navigational aids to reduce the rate of malposition; but these are often expensive and limited in availability. A simple mechanical device to aid PS insertion might overcome some of these disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to determine the demand and design criteria for a simple device to aid PS placement, as well as to collect opinions and experiences on PS surgery in the UK and Ireland. A postal questionnaire was sent to 422 spinal surgeons in the UK and Ireland. 101 questionnaires were received; 67 of these (16% of total sent) contained useful information. 78% of surgeons experienced problems with PS placement. The need for a simple mechanical device to aid PS placement was expressed by 59% of respondent surgeons. The proportion of respondents that inserted PSs in the cervical spine was 14%; PSs are mainly inserted in the thoracic, lumbar and sacral spine, but potential exists for a PS placement aid for the cervical and thoracic spine. From the experiences of these 67 surgeons, there is evidence to suggest that surgeons would prefer a pedicle aid that is multiple use, one-piece, hand-held, radiolucent, unilateral and uses the line of sight principle in traditional open surgery. Based on the experiences of 67 surgeons, there is evidence to suggest that computed navigational aids are not readily used in PS surgery and that a simple mechanical device could be a better option. This paper provides useful data for improving the outcomes of spinal surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874120701105010090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]],"date-time":"2011-10-25T07:14:02Z","timestamp":1319526842000},"page":"90-97","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pedicle Screw Surgery in the UK and Ireland: A Questionnaire Study"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"P.S.D","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.M","family":"Aspinwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.J","family":"Fennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.G","family":"Trotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.E.T","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.W.L","family":"Hukins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01676569","volume":"6","author":"Boos NM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Boos NM, Webb JK. \n                \u201cPedicle screw fixation in spinal disorders: A European view,\u201d \n                Eur spine J  \n                1997; \n                6\n                : 2-18.","journal-title":"Eur spine J"},{"key":"refR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199311000-00015","volume":"18","author":"Esses SI","year":"1993","unstructured":"Esses SI, Sachs BL, Dreyzin V. \n                \u201cComplications associated with the technique of pedicle screw fixation - A selected survey of ABS members,\u201d \n                Spine  \n                1993; \n                18\n                : 2231-9.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"refR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199810150-00014","volume":"23","author":"Schulze CJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schulze CJ, Munzinger E, Weber U. \n                \u201cClinical relevance of accuracy of pedicle screw placement - A computed tomographic-supported analysis,\u201d \n                Spine  \n                1998; \n                23\n                : 2215-20.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"refR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0795-6","volume":"17","author":"Modi HN","year":"2008","unstructured":"Modi HN, Suh SW, Fernandez H, Yang JH, Song H-R. \n                \u201cAccuracy and safety of pedicle screw placement in neuromuscular scoliosis with free-hand technique,\u201d \n                Eur Spine J  \n                2008; \n                17\n                : 1686-96.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"refR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E111","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000254048.79024.8b","volume":"32","author":"Kosmopoulos V","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kosmopoulos V, Schizas C. \n                \u201cPedicle screw placement accuracy - A meta-analysis,\u201d \n                Spine  \n                2007; \n                32\n                : E111-20.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"refR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.06.005","volume":"8","author":"Nowitzke A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nowitzke A, Wood M, Cooney K. \n                \u201cImproving accuracy and reducing errors in spinal surgery - A new technique for thoracolumbar-level localization using computer-assisted image guidance,\u201d \n                Spine J  \n                2008; \n                8\n                : 597-604.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"refR7","unstructured":"Bland M. \n                An introduction to medical statistics.  3rd ed. \n                Oxford: Oxford University Press 2000."},{"key":"refR8","first-page":"90","volume":"49","author":"Leece P","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leece P, Bhandari M, Sprague S, Swiontkowski MF, Schemitsch EH, Tornetta P. \n                \u201cDoes flattery work A comparison of 2 different cover letters for an international survey of orthopedic surgeons,\u201d \n                Can J Surg  \n                2006; \n                49\n                : 90-5.","journal-title":"Can. 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