{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:37:24Z","timestamp":1761561444368},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,17]],"date-time":"2010-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1276732800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOCMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Strategies for preventing ischemic complications during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have focused on the platelet surface-membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb\/IIIa receptor. The platelet GP IIb\/IIIa receptor inhibitors, by blocking the final common pathway of platelet aggregation, have become a breakthrough in the management of acute coronary syndromes. Current adjuvant pharmacological therapy of AMI with aspirin, clopidogrel, unfractionated heparin (UH), and platelet GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors provides useful therapeutic benefits. Although the use of more potent antithrombin and antiplatelet agents during PCI in AMI has reduced the rate of ischemic complications, in parallel, the rate of bleeding has increased. Several studies have reported an association between bleeding after PCI and an increase in morbidity and mortality. Therefore, investigational studies have focused in pharmacological agents that would reduce bleeding complications without compromising the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events. Based on the results of several randomized trials, abciximab with UH, aspirin and clopidogrel have become a standard adjunctive therapy with primary PCI for AMI. However, some of the trials were done before the use of stents and the widespread use of thienopyridines. In addition, GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors use have been associated with thrombocytopenia, high rates of bleeding, and the need for transfusions, which increase costs, length of hospital stay, and mortality. On the other hand, in the stent era, bivalirudin, a semi-synthetic direct thrombin inhibitor, has recently been shown to provide similar efficacy with less bleeding compared with unfractionated heparin plus platelet GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in AMI patients treated with primary PCI. The impressive results of this recent randomized trial and other observational studies make a strong argument for the use of bivalirudin rather than heparin plus GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors for the great majority of patients with AMI treated with primary PCI. However, some controversial results and limitations in the studies with bivalirudin exert some doubts in the future widespread use of this drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874192401004010135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,8]],"date-time":"2010-07-08T17:56:22Z","timestamp":1278611782000},"page":"135-145","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Actual Role of Platelet Glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa Receptor Inhibitors as Adjunctive Pharmacological Therapy to Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction: In the Light of Recent Randomized Trials and Observational Studies with Bivalirudin"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Osmar Antonio","family":"Centuri\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.3.657","volume":"92","author":"Falk E","year":"1995","unstructured":"Falk E, Shah PK, Fuster V. Coronary plaque disruption Circulation 1995; 92 : 657-71.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.2126","volume":"90","author":"Fuster V","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fuster V, Lewis A. Mechanisms leading to myocardial infarction: Insights from studies of vascular biology Circulation 1994; 90 : 2126-46.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/000331978703800105","volume":"38","author":"Mikhailidis DP","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mikhailidis DP, Barradas MA, Mier A, et al. Platelet function in patients admitted with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction Angiology 1987; 38 : 36-45.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"refR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1984.tb04997.x","volume":"17","author":"Mikhailidis DP","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mikhailidis DP, Barradas MA, Mikhailidis AM, Magnani H, Dandona P. Comparison of the effect of a conventional heparin and a low molecular weight heparinoid on platelet function Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984; 17 : 43-8.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"refR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70249-2","volume":"135","author":"Ferguson JJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferguson JJ, Lau TK. New antiplatelet agents for acute coronary syndromes Am Heart J 1998; 135 : 194-200.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"refR6","first-page":"3","volume":"19","author":"Ferguson JJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferguson JJ, Waly HM, Wilson JM. Fundamentals of coagulation and glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor inhibition Eur Heart J 1998; 19 : 3-9.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"refR7","first-page":"22","volume":"19","author":"Braunwald E","year":"1998","unstructured":"Braunwald E, Maseri A, Armstrong PW, et al. Rationale and Clinical evidence for the use of GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes Eur Heart J 1998; 19 : 22-30.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"refR8","first-page":"285","volume":"26","author":"Coller BS","year":"1996","unstructured":"Coller BS, Anderson KM, Weisman HF. The anti-GP IIb\/IIIa agents: fundamental and clinical aspects Haemostasis 1996; 26 : 285-93.","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"refR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.7.853","volume":"289","author":"Lincoff AM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lincoff AM, Bittl JA, Harrington RA, et al. Bivalirudin and provi-sional glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coro-nary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial JAMA 2003; 289 : 853-63.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.6.696","volume":"292","author":"Lincoff AM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lincoff AM, Kleiman NS, Kerciakes DJ, et al. Long-term efficacy of bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade vs heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary revascularization: REPLACE-2 randomized trial JAMA 2004; 292 : 696-703.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062437","volume":"355","author":"Stone GW","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stone GW, McLaurin BT, Cox DA, et al. Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes N Engl J Med 2006; 355 : 2203-16.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.21.2497","volume":"298","author":"Stone GW","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stone GW, Ware JH, Bertrand BE, et al. Antithrombotic strategies in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing early invasive management: One-year results from the ACUITY Trial JAMA 2007; 298 : 2497-506.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708191","volume":"358","author":"Stone GW","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stone GW, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, et al. Bivalirudin during primary PCI in acute myocardial infarction N Engl J Med 2008; 358 : 2216-30.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(95)90091-8","volume":"130","author":"Frishman WH","year":"1995","unstructured":"Frishman WH, Burns B, Atac B, Alturk N, Altajar B, Lerrick K. Novel antiplatelet therapies for treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease: inhibitors of the platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa integrin receptor Am Heart J 1995; 130 : 877-92.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"refR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506083322306","volume":"332","author":"Lefkovits J","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lefkovits J, Plow EF, Topol EJ. Platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptors in cardiovascular medicine N Engl J Med 1995; 332 : 1553-9.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90953-7","volume":"2","author":"Richardson PD","year":"1989","unstructured":"Richardson PD, Davies MJ, Born GBR. Influence of plaque configuration and stress distribution of fissuring of coronary atherosclerotic plaques Lancet 1989; 2 : 941-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR17","unstructured":"Hirsh J, Salzman EW, Marder VJ, Colman RW. Overview of the thrombotic process and its therapy In: Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, Salzman EW, Eds. Hemostasis and thrombosis: basic principles and clinical practice. Philadelphia: JB Lippincot 1994; pp. 1151-63."},{"key":"refR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2392682","volume":"249","author":"Loftus JC","year":"1990","unstructured":"Loftus JC, O\u00b4Toole TE, Plow EF, Glass A, Frelinger III AL, Ginsberg MH. A \u00df3 integrin mutation abolishes ligand binding and alters divalent cation-dependent conformation Science 1990; 249 : 915-8.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"refR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90451-4","volume":"65","author":"Phillips DR","year":"1991","unstructured":"Phillips DR, Charo IF, Scarborough RM. GP IIb\/IIIa: the responsive integrin Cell 1991; 65 : 359-62.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"refR20","unstructured":"Charo IF, Kieffer N, Phillips DR. Platelet membrane glycoproteins In: Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, Salzman EW, Eds. Hemostasis and thrombosis: basic principles and clinical practice. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott 1994; pp. 489-507."},{"key":"refR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199001043220107","volume":"322","author":"Coller BS","year":"1990","unstructured":"Coller BS. Platelets and thrombolytic therapy N Engl J Med 1990; 322 : 33-42.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V68.3.783.783","volume":"68","author":"Coller BS","year":"1986","unstructured":"Coller BS, Folts JD, Scudder LE, Smith SR. Antithrombotic effect of a monoclonal antibody to the platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor in an experimental animal model Blood 1986; 68 : 783-6.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"refR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111931","volume":"76","author":"Coller BS","year":"1985","unstructured":"Coller BS. A new murine monoclonal antibody reports an activation dependent change in the conformation and\/or microenvironment of the glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa complex J Clin Invest 1985; 76 : 101-8.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"refR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199448040-00007","volume":"48","author":"Faulds D","year":"1994","unstructured":"Faulds D, Sorkin EM. Abciximab (c7E3 Fab): a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in ischemic heart disease Drugs 1994; 48 : 583-98.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"refR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.6.1766","volume":"80","author":"Coller BS","year":"1989","unstructured":"Coller BS, Folts JD, Smith SR, Scudder LE, Jordan R. Abolition of in vivo platelet thrombus formation in primates with monoclonal antibodies to the platelet GP IIb\/IIIa receptor Circulation 1989; 80 : 1766-74.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.6.2463","volume":"84","author":"Bates ER","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bates ER, McGuillem MJ, Mickelson JK, Pitt B, Mancini GBJ. A monoclonal antibody against the platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor complex prevents aggregation and thrombosis in a canine model of coronary angioplasty Circulation 1991; 84 : 2463-9.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR27","first-page":"I181","volume":"90","author":"Sudo Y","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sudo Y, Luchessi BR. Inhibition of platelet GP IIb\/IIIa receptor with monoclonal antibody (7E3-Fab2) prevents arterial, but not venous, rethrombosis Circulation 1994; 90 : I181.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.143.7.2081","volume":"143","author":"Byzova TV","year":"1998","unstructured":"Byzova TV, Plow EF. Activation of alphaVbeta3 on vascular cells controls recognition of prothrombin J Cell Biol 1998; 143 : 2081-92.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"refR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/hj.1999.v138.99078","volume":"138","author":"Coller BS","year":"1999","unstructured":"Coller BS. Potential nonglycoprotein IIb\/IIIa effects of abciximab Am Heart J 1999; 138 : S1-5.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"refR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00391-6","volume":"26","author":"Kleiman NS","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kleiman NS, Raizner AE, Jordan R, et al. Differential inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate or thrombin receptor-activating peptide in patients treated with bolus chimeric 7E3 Fab: Implications for inhibition of the internal pool of GP IIb\/IIIa receptors J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26 : 1665-71.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.17.1680","volume":"97","author":"Mascelli MA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mascelli MA, Lance ET, Damaraju L, et al. Pharmacodynamic profile of short-term abciximab treatment demonstrates prolonged platelet inhibition with gradual recovery from GP IIb\/IIIa receptor blockade Circulation 1998; 97 : 1680-8.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80345-2","volume":"76","author":"Harrington RA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Harrington RA, Kleiman NS, Kottke-Marchant K, et al. Inmediate and reversible platelet inhibition after intravenous administration of a peptide glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitor during percutaneous coro-nary intervention Am J Cardiol 1995; 76 : 1222-7.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"refR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00500-5","volume":"27","author":"Kereiakes DJ","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kereiakes DJ, Kleiman NS, Ambrose J, et al. Randomizes, double-bind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of tirofiban (MK-383) platelet GP IIb\/IIIa blockade in high risk patients undergoing coro-nary angioplasty J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27 : 536-42.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00101a017","volume":"35","author":"Alig L","year":"1992","unstructured":"Alig L, Edenhofer A, Hasvary P, et al. Low molecular weight, non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonist J Med Chem 1992; 35 : 393-407.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"refR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01165-2","volume":"37","author":"Neumann F-J","year":"2001","unstructured":"Neumann F-J, Hochholzer W, Pogatsa-murray G, et al. Antiplatelet effects of abciximab, tirofiban, and eptifibatide in patients undergoing coronary stenting J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37 : 1323-8.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408253310801","volume":"331","author":"Serruys PW","year":"1994","unstructured":"Serruys PW, de Jaegere P, Kiemeneij F, et al. A comparison of balloon expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease N Engl J Med 1994; 331 : 489-95.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408253310802","volume":"331","author":"Fischman DL","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fischman DL, Leon MB, Baim DS, et al. A randomized comparison of coronary stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease N Engl J Med 1994; 331 : 496-501.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.2.229","volume":"93","author":"Gawaz M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gawaz M, Neumann F-J, Ott I, et al. Platelet function in acute myocardial infarction treated with direct angioplasty Circulation 1996; 93 : 229-37.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00506-8","volume":"31","author":"Califf RM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Califf RM, Abdelmeguid A, Kuntz R, et al. Myonecrosis after revascularization procedures J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31 : 241-51.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01951-4","volume":"40","author":"Palmerini T","year":"2002","unstructured":"Palmerini T, Nedelman MA, Scudder LE, et al. Effects of abciximab on the acute pathology of blood vessels after arterial stenting in nonhuman primates J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40 : 360-6.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000019905.18467.07","volume":"105","author":"Aymong ED","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aymong ED, Curtis MJ, Youssef M, et al. Abciximab attenuates coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction after coronary stenting Circulation 2002; 105 : 2981-5.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.8.734","volume":"98","author":"Brener SJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brener SJ, Barr LA, Burchenal JEB, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction Circulation 1998; 98 : 734-41.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106213442503","volume":"344","author":"Montalescot G","year":"2001","unstructured":"Montalescot G, Barragan P, Wittenberg O, et al. Platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibition with coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction N Engl J Med 2001; 344 : 1895-903.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00635-X","volume":"35","author":"Neumann FJ","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, Schmitt C, et al. Effect of glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor blockade with abciximab on clinical and angiographic restenosis rate after the placement of coronary stents following acute myocardial infarction J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35 : 915-21.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013404","volume":"346","author":"Stone GW","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stone GW, Grines CL, Cox DA, et al. Comparison of angioplasty with stenting with or without abciximab, in acute myocardial in-farction N Engl J Med 2002; 346 : 957-66.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.017","volume":"42","author":"Antoinucci D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Antoinucci D, Rodriquez A, Hempel A, et al. A randomized trial comparing primary infarct artery stenting with or without abcixi-mab in acute myocardial infarction J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42 : 1879-85.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.14.1759","volume":"293","author":"De Luca G","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Stone GW, et al. Abciximab as adjunctive therapy to reperfusion in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. A meta-analysis of randomized trials JAMA 2005; 293 : 1759-65.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl472","volume":"28","author":"Montalescot G","year":"2007","unstructured":"Montalescot G, Antoniucci D, Kastrati A, et al. Abciximab in pri-mary coronary stenting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a European meta-analysis on individual patients' data with long-term follow-up Eur Heart J 2007; 28 : 443-9.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"refR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)80183-8","volume":"39","author":"Montalescot G","year":"2002","unstructured":"Montalescot G, Barragan P, Wittemberg O, et al. Primary stenting with abciximab in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (The ADMIRAL trial) J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39 : A43.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0304(199610)39:2<143::AID-CCD7>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"39","author":"Schultz RD","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schultz RD, Heuser RR, Hatler C, Frey D. Use of c7E3 Fab in conjunction with primary coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1996; 39 : 143-8.","journal-title":"Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn"},{"key":"refR51","first-page":"A12","volume":"33","author":"Giri S","year":"1999","unstructured":"Giri S, Mitchel JF, Kiernan FJ, et al. Adjunctive use of abciximab improves clinical outcomes in acute myocardial infarction patients presenting with cardiogenic shock J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33 : A12.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00814-7","volume":"36","author":"Hasdai D","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hasdai D, Harrington RA, Hochman JS, et al. Platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade and out come of cardiogenic shock complicating acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36 : 685-92.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR53","first-page":"e82","volume":"110","author":"Antman EM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, Canadian Cardiovascular Society ACC\/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2004; 110 : e82-e292.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188209","volume":"117","author":"Antman EM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, et al. 2007 Focused update of the ACC\/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Circulation 2008; 117 : 296-329.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00926-8","volume":"36","author":"Gibson CM","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gibson CM. A union in reperfusion: the concept of facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36 : 1497-9.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000019581.22812.B2","volume":"106","author":"Quinn MJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Quinn MJ, Plow EF, Topol EJ. Platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors: recognition of a two-edged sword? Circulation 2002; 106 : 379-85.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615850","volume":"82","author":"Coller BS","year":"1999","unstructured":"Coller BS. Binding of abciximab to \u03b1V\u03b23 and activated aM\u00df2 receptors: with a review of platelet-leukocyte interactions Thromb Haemost 1999; 82 : 326-6.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"refR58","first-page":"437","volume":"86","author":"Coller BS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Coller BS. Anti-GP IIb\/IIIa drugs: current strategies and future directions Thromb Haemost 2001; 86 : 437-.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"refR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.20.2501","volume":"103","author":"Smyth SS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smyth SS, Reis ED, Zhang W, et al. ?3-integrin-deficient mice, but not P-selectin-deficient mice, develop intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury: correlation with leukocyte recruitment to adherent platelets one hour post injury Circulation 2001; 103 : 2501-7.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00688-4","volume":"36","author":"Sane DC","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sane DC, Damaraju LV, Topol EJ, et al. Ocurrence and clinical significance of pseudothrombocytopenia during abciximab therapy J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36 : 75-83.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00972-X","volume":"92","author":"Kinnaird TD","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kinnaird TD, Stabile E, Mintz GS, et al. Incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of bleeding and blood transfusion following percutaneous coronary interventions Am J Cardiol 2003; 92 : 930-5.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"refR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.612812","volume":"114","author":"Eikelboom JW","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eikelboom JW, Mehta SR, Anand SS, Xie C, Fox KA, Yusuf S. Adverse impact of bleeding on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes Circulation 2006; 114 : 774-82.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm019","volume":"28","author":"Rao SV","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rao SV, Eikelboom JA, Granger CB, Harrington RA, Califf RM, Bassand JP. Bleeding and blood transfusion issues in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes Eur Heart J 2007; 28 : 1193-204.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"refR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.612812","volume":"114","author":"Eikelboom JW","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eikelboom JW, Mehta SR, Anand SS, Xie C, Fox KAA, Yusuf S. Adverse impact of bleeding on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes Circulation 2006; 114 : 774-82.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.027","volume":"49","author":"Manoukian SV","year":"2007","unstructured":"Manoukian SV, Feit F, Mehran R, et al. Impact of major bleeding on 30-day mortality and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. An analysis from the ACUITY Trial J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49 : 1362-8.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"refR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2009.05.004","volume":"2","author":"Nikolsky E","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nikolsky E, Mehran R, Sadeghi HM, et al. Prognostic impact of blood transfusion after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: analysis from the CADILLAC (Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications) trial J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2009; 2 : 624-32.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Intv"},{"key":"refR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2009.05.003","volume":"2","author":"Alfonso F","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alfonso F. Blood transfusi\u00f3n alter myocardial infarction:Friend, foe, or double-edge sword? J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2009; 2 : 633-5.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Intv"},{"key":"refR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.joc60034","volume":"295","author":"Kastrati A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kastrati A, Mehilli J, Neumann FJ, et al. Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic: Regimen Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment 2 (ISARREACT 2) Trial Investigators. Abciximab in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel pretreatment: the ISAR-REACT 2 randomized trial JAMA 2006; 295 : 1531-8.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02489-X","volume":"90","author":"Steg PG","year":"2002","unstructured":"Steg PG, Goldberg RJ, Gore JM, et al. GRACE Investigators. Baseline characteristics, management practices, and inhospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) Am J Cardiol 2002; 90 : 358-63.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"refR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025460","volume":"90","author":"Hanania G","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hanania G, Cambou JP, Gu\u00e9ret P, et al. USIC 2000 Investigators. Management and in-hospital outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to intensive care units at the turn of the century: results from the French nationwide USIC 2000 registry Heart 2004; 90 : 1404-0.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"refR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.02.083","volume":"100","author":"Abbott JD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abbott JD, Ahmed HN, Vlachos HA, Selzer F, Williams DO. Comparison of outcome in patients with ST-elevation versus non-STelevation acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute DynSTEMIc Registry) Am J Cardiol 2007; 100 : 190-5.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"refR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2008.12.005","volume":"10","author":"Bonello L","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bonello L, de Labriolle A, Roy P, et al. Head-to-head comparison of bivalirudin versus heparin without glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2009; 10 : 156-61.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"refR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2006.04.005","volume":"7","author":"Chu WW","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chu WW, Kuchulakanti PK, Torguson R, et al. Bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention after acute myocardial infarction Cardiovasc Revasc Med 2006; 7 : 132-5.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"refR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509213331204","volume":"333","author":"Bittl JA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bittl JA, Strony J, Brinker JA, et al. Treatment with bivalirudin (Hirulog) as compared with heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable or postinfarction angina N Engl J Med 1995; 333 : 764-9.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802944","volume":"359","author":"Kastrati A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kastrati A, Neumann FJ, Mehilli J, et al. Bivalirudin versus unfrac-tionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention N Engl J Med 2008; 359 : 688-96.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V4\/TOCMJ-4-135\/TOCMJ-4-135.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V4\/TOCMJ-4-135\/TOCMJ-4-135.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V4\/TOCMJ-4-135\/TOCMJ-4-135.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]],"date-time":"2020-06-06T19:31:00Z","timestamp":1591471860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com\/VOLUME\/4\/PAGE\/135\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,17]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,17]]}},"alternative-id":["TOCMJ-4-135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874192401004010135","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-1924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-1924","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2010-5-7","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-5-14","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-5-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-6-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}