{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:31:42Z","timestamp":1760189502285},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467244800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOCMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor, was developed as an antithrombin agent for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with the hypothesis that it would reduce bleeding complications without compromising the rate of ischemic events compared to heparin plus GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors. Although the cumulative evidence makes a strong argument for the use of bivalirudin rather than heparin plus systematic GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors for the great majority of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing PCI, the benefit observed with bivalirudin was achieved because of the major bleeding complications with the use of heparin plus GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors. When bivalirudin was compared with unfractionated heparin alone there was no benefit in ischemic complications with a decrease in major bleeding. However, in a recent large randomized controlled trial comparing bivalirudin with unfractionated heparin alone in AMI patients undergoing primary PCI, bivalirudin did not reduce bleeding complications and was associated with higher rates of stent thrombosis, myocardial reinfarction, and repeat revascularization compared with heparin. Moreover, a very recent meta-analysis shed more insights on the utilization of bivalirudin <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> heparin regimens during PCI. Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that routine use of bivalirudin offers little advantage over heparin among PCI patients. In a detailed analysis of some randomized trials and observational studies with bivalirudin in AMI patients done by myself and published almost five years ago in this journal, I rendered some reflections on the future widespread use of bivalirudin. \u201cIn the setting of PCI in AMI patients, and in the absence of GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors, bivalirudin did not offer any beneficial effect in the incidence of the composite end points when compared with heparin alone. For now, in real world practice, one would probably choose a well known cheaper drug that has already passed the test of time, heparin. There may be reinforcement in the sole utilization of heparin confining GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors and other intravenous antithrombotics to bailout therapy for periprocedural PCI complications in AMI patients\u201d. Therefore, instead of being the beginning of a new era with bivalirudin, it sure is a welcome back to an old friend, heparin. Indeed, after more than two decades, it is always good to welcome back an old friend, unfractionated heparin, as monotherapy and preferred anticoagulant regimen for contemporary PCI in AMI patients. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874192401610010122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T07:55:06Z","timestamp":1468482906000},"page":"122-129","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Heparin Versus Bivalirudin in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Unfractionated Heparin Monotherapy Elevated to Primary Treatment in Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Osmar Antonio","family":"Centuri\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.2126","volume":"90","author":"Fuster V.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fuster V, Lewis A. \n                    Lewis A. Conner Memorial Lecture. Mechanisms leading to myocardial infarction: insights from studies of vascular biology. \n                    Circulation  \n                    1994; \n                    90\n                    (4)\n                    : 2126-46.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.3.657","volume":"92","author":"Falk E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Falk E, Shah PK, Fuster V. \n                    Coronary plaque disruption. \n                    Circulation  \n                    1995; \n                    92\n                    (3)\n                    : 657-71.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.07.030","volume":"156","author":"Rogers W.J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rogers WJ, Frederick PD, Stoehr E, et al. \n                    Trends in presenting characteristics and hospital mortality among patients with ST elevation and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction from 1990 to 2006. \n                    Am Heart J  \n                    2008; \n                    156\n                    (6)\n                    : 1026-34.","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"refR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/000331978703800105","volume":"38","author":"Mikhailidis D.P.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mikhailidis DP, Barradas MA, Mier A, et al. \n                    Platelet function in patients admitted with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. \n                    Angiology  \n                    1987; \n                    38\n                    (1 Pt 1)\n                    : 36-45.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"refR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1984.tb04997.x","volume":"17","author":"Mikhailidis D.P.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mikhailidis DP, Barradas MA, Mikhailidis AM, Magnani H, Dandona P. \n                    Comparison of the effect of a conventional heparin and a low molecular weight heparinoid on platelet function. \n                    Br J Clin Pharmacol  \n                    1984; \n                    17\n                    (1)\n                    : 43-8.","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"refR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191259","volume":"119","author":"Lloyd-Jones D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, et al. \n                    Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. \n                    Circulation  \n                    2009; \n                    119\n                    (3)\n                    : 480-6.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70249-2","volume":"135","author":"Ferguson J.J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferguson JJ, Lau TK. \n                    New antiplatelet agents for acute coronary syndromes. \n                    Am Heart J  \n                    1998; \n                    135\n                    (5 Pt 2 Su)\n                    : S194-200.","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"refR8","first-page":"D3","volume":"19","author":"Ferguson J.J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferguson JJ, Waly HM, Wilson JM. \n                    Fundamentals of coagulation and glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor inhibition. \n                    Eur Heart J  \n                    1998; \n                    19\n                    (Suppl. D)\n                    : D3-9.","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"refR9","first-page":"D22","volume":"19","author":"Braunwald E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Braunwald E, Maseri A, Armstrong PW, et al. \n                    Rationale and clinical evidence for the use of GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes. \n                    Eur Heart J  \n                    1998; \n                    19\n                    (Suppl. D)\n                    : D22-30.","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"refR10","first-page":"285","volume":"26","author":"Coller B.S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Coller BS, Anderson KM, Weisman HF. \n                    The anti-GPIIb-IIIa agents: fundamental and clinical aspects. \n                    Haemostasis  \n                    1996; \n                    26\n                    (Suppl. 4)\n                    : 285-93.","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"key":"refR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.7.853","volume":"289","author":"Lincoff A.M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lincoff AM, Bittl JA, Harrington RA, et al. \n                    Bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. \n                    JAMA  \n                    2003; \n                    289\n                    (7)\n                    : 853-63.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.6.696","volume":"292","author":"Lincoff A.M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lincoff AM, Kleiman NS, Kereiakes DJ, et al. \n                    Long-term efficacy of bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade vs. heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary revascularization: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. \n                    JAMA  \n                    2004; \n                    292\n                    (6)\n                    : 696-703.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00972-X","volume":"92","author":"Kinnaird T.D.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kinnaird TD, Stabile E, Mintz GS, et al. \n                    Incidence, predictors, and prognostic implications of bleeding and blood transfusion following percutaneous coronary interventions. \n                    Am J Cardiol  \n                    2003; \n                    92\n                    (8)\n                    : 930-5.","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"refR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.612812","volume":"114","author":"Eikelboom J.W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eikelboom JW, Mehta SR, Anand SS, Xie C, Fox KA, Yusuf S. \n                    Adverse impact of bleeding on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes. \n                    Circulation  \n                    2006; \n                    114\n                    (8)\n                    : 774-82.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm019","volume":"28","author":"Rao S.V.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rao SV, Eikelboom JA, Granger CB, Harrington RA, Califf RM, Bassand JP. \n                    Bleeding and blood transfusion issues in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. \n                    Eur Heart J  \n                    2007; \n                    28\n                    (10)\n                    : 1193-204.","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"refR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062437","volume":"355","author":"Stone G.W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stone GW, McLaurin BT, Cox DA, et al. \n                    Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes. \n                    N Engl J Med  \n                    2006; \n                    355\n                    (21)\n                    : 2203-16.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"refR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.21.2497","volume":"298","author":"Stone G.W.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stone GW, Ware JH, Bertrand ME, et al. \n                    Antithrombotic strategies in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing early invasive management: one-year results from the ACUITY trial. \n                    JAMA  \n                    2007; \n                    298\n                    (21)\n                    : 2497-506.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708191","volume":"358","author":"Stone G.W.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stone GW, Witzenbichler B, Guagliumi G, et al. \n                    Bivalirudin during primary PCI in acute myocardial infarction. \n                    N Engl J Med  \n                    2008; \n                    358\n                    (21)\n                    : 2218-30.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"refR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.6.591","volume":"297","author":"Stone G.W.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stone GW, Bertrand ME, Moses JW, et al. \n                    Routine upstream initiation vs deferred selective use of glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: the ACUITY Timing trial. \n                    JAMA  \n                    2007; \n                    297\n                    (6)\n                    : 591-602.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.060","volume":"53","author":"Fung A.Y.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fung AY, Saw J, Starovoytov A, et al. \n                    Abbreviated infusion of eptifibatide after successful coronary intervention The BRIEF-PCI (Brief Infusion of Eptifibatide Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) randomized trial. \n                    J Am Coll Cardiol  \n                    2009; \n                    53\n                    (10)\n                    : 837-45.","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"refR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0901316","volume":"360","author":"Giugliano R.P.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giugliano RP, White JA, Bode C, et al. \n                    Early versus delayed, provisional eptifibatide in acute coronary syndromes. \n                    N Engl J Med  \n                    2009; \n                    360\n                    (21)\n                    : 2176-90.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"refR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.119374","volume":"142","author":"Bittl J.A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bittl JA, Chaitman BR, Feit F, Kimball W, Topol EJ. \n                    Bivalirudin versus heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable or postinfarction angina: Final report reanalysis of the Bivalirudin Angioplasty Study. \n                    Am Heart J  \n                    2001; \n                    142\n                    (6)\n                    : 952-9.","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"refR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802944","volume":"359","author":"Kastrati A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kastrati A, Neumann FJ, Mehilli J, et al. \n                    Bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention. \n                    N Engl J Med  \n                    2008; \n                    359\n                    (7)\n                    : 688-96.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"refR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.122173","volume":"143","author":"Lincoff A.M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lincoff AM, Kleiman NS, Kottke-Marchant K, et al. \n                    Bivalirudin with planned or provisional abciximab versus low-dose heparin and abciximab during percutaneous coronary revascularization: results of the Comparison of Abciximab Complications with Hirulog for Ischemic Events Trial (CACHET). \n                    Am Heart J  \n                    2002; \n                    143\n                    (5)\n                    : 847-53.","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"refR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.01.033","volume":"93","author":"Lincoff A.M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lincoff AM, Bittl JA, Kleiman NS, et al. \n                    Comparison of bivalirudin versus heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention (the Randomized Evaluation of PCI Linking Angiomax to Reduced Clinical Events [REPLACE]-1 trial). \n                    Am J Cardiol  \n                    2004; \n                    93\n                    (9)\n                    : 1092-6.","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"refR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.7.853","volume":"289","author":"Lincoff A.M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lincoff AM, Bittl JA, Harrington RA, et al. \n                    Bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. \n                    JAMA  \n                    2003; \n                    289\n                    (7)\n                    : 853-63.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.6.696","volume":"292","author":"Lincoff A.M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lincoff AM, Kleiman NS, Kereiakes DJ, et al. \n                    Long-term efficacy of bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade vs. heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary revascularization: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. \n                    JAMA  \n                    2004; \n                    292\n                    (6)\n                    : 696-703.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062437","volume":"355","author":"Stone G.W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stone GW, McLaurin BT, Cox DA, et al. \n                    Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes. \n                    N Engl J Med  \n                    2006; \n                    355\n                    (21)\n                    : 2203-16.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"refR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.6.591","volume":"297","author":"Stone G.W.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stone GW, Bertrand ME, Moses JW, et al. \n                    Routine upstream initiation vs. deferred selective use of glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: the ACUITY Timing trial. \n                    JAMA  \n                    2007; \n                    297\n                    (6)\n                    : 591-602.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60450-4","volume":"369","author":"Stone G.W.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stone GW, White HD, Ohman EM, et al. \n                    Bivalirudin in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a subgroup analysis from the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategy (ACUITY) trial. \n                    Lancet  \n                    2007; \n                    369\n                    (9565)\n                    : 907-19.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804203","volume":"119","author":"Aoki J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aoki J, Lansky AJ, Mehran R, et al. \n                    Early stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with drug-eluting and bare metal stents: the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy trial. \n                    Circulation  \n                    2009; \n                    119\n                    (5)\n                    : 687-98.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.05.036","volume":"52","author":"White H.D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"White HD, Ohman EM, Lincoff AM, et al. \n                    Safety and efficacy of bivalirudin with and without glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention 1-year results from the ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategY) trial. \n                    J Am Coll Cardiol  \n                    2008; \n                    52\n                    (10)\n                    : 807-14.","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"refR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109596","volume":"365","author":"Kastrati A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kastrati A, Neumann FJ, Schulz S, et al. \n                    Abciximab and heparin versus bivalirudin for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. \n                    N Engl J Med  \n                    2011; \n                    365\n                    (21)\n                    : 1980-9.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"refR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1311096","volume":"369","author":"Steg P.G.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steg PG, van\u2019t Hof A, Hamm CW, et al. \n                    Bivalirudin started during emergency transport for primary PCI. \n                    N Engl J Med  \n                    2013; \n                    369\n                    (23)\n                    : 2207-17.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"refR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.04.017","volume":"110","author":"Patti G.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patti G, Pasceri V, D\u2019Antonio L, et al. \n                    Comparison of safety and efficacy of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (from the Anti-Thrombotic Strategy for Reduction of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty-Bivalirudin vs. Heparin study). \n                    Am J Cardiol  \n                    2012; \n                    110\n                    (4)\n                    : 478-84.","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"refR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60924-7","volume":"384","author":"Shahzad A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shahzad A, Kemp I, Mars C, et al. \n                    Unfractionated heparin versus bivalirudin in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (HEAT-PPCI): an open-label, single centre, randomised controlled trial. \n                    Lancet  \n                    2014; \n                    384\n                    (9957)\n                    : 1849-58.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/HPC.0b013e318223e35d","volume":"10","author":"Centuri\u00f3n O.A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Centuri\u00f3n OA. \n                    Bivalirudin in contemporary PCI for non-ST-segment acute coronary syndromes: What is the current role of platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor inhibitor agents? \n                    Crit Pathw Cardiol  \n                    2011; \n                    10\n                    : 87-92.","journal-title":"Crit. Pathw. Cardiol."},{"key":"refR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2174\/1874192401004010135","volume":"4","author":"Centuri\u00f3n O.A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Centuri\u00f3n OA. \n                    Actual role of platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor inhibitors as adjuntive pharmacological therapy to primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction: In the light of recent randomized trials and observational studies with bivalirudin. \n                    Open Cardiovasc Med J  \n                    2010; \n                    4\n                    : 135-45.","journal-title":"Open Cardiovasc. Med. J."},{"key":"refR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61216-2","volume":"384","author":"Cavender M.A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cavender MA, Sabatine MS. \n                    Bivalirudin versus heparin in patients planned for percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. \n                    Lancet  \n                    2014; \n                    384\n                    (9943)\n                    : 599-606.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61333-7","volume":"384","author":"Lincoff A.M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lincoff AM. \n                    Heparin monotherapy for percutaneous coronary intervention? \n                    Lancet  \n                    2014; \n                    384\n                    (9943)\n                    : 564-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.11.013","volume":"167","author":"Tarantini G.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarantini G, Brener SJ, Barioli A, et al. \n                    Impact of baseline hemorrhagic risk on the benefit of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin in patients treated with coronary angioplasty: a meta-regression analysis of randomized trials. \n                    Am Heart J  \n                    2014; \n                    167\n                    (3)\n                    : 401-12.e6.","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"refR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.612812","volume":"114","author":"Eikelboom J.W.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eikelboom JW, Mehta SR, Anand SS, Xie C, Fox KA, Yusuf S. \n                    Adverse impact of bleeding on prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes. \n                    Circulation  \n                    2006; \n                    114\n                    (8)\n                    : 774-82.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.027","volume":"49","author":"Manoukian S.V.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Manoukian SV, Feit F, Mehran R, et al. \n                    Impact of major bleeding on 30-day mortality and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes: an analysis from the ACUITY Trial. \n                    J Am Coll Cardiol  \n                    2007; \n                    49\n                    (12)\n                    : 1362-8.","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"refR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2009.05.004","volume":"2","author":"Nikolsky E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nikolsky E, Mehran R, Sadeghi HM, et al. \n                    Prognostic impact of blood transfusion after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: analysis from the CADILLAC (Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications) Trial. \n                    JACC Cardiovasc Interv  \n                    2009; \n                    2\n                    (7)\n                    : 624-32.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"refR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2009.05.003","volume":"2","author":"Alfonso F.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alfonso F. \n                    Blood transfusion after myocardial infarction: friend, foe, or double-edged sword? \n                    JACC Cardiovasc Interv  \n                    2009; \n                    2\n                    (7)\n                    : 633-5.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"refR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2008.12.005","volume":"10","author":"Bonello L.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bonello L, de Labriolle A, Roy P, et al. \n                    Head-to-head comparison of bivalirudin versus heparin without glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty. \n                    Cardiovasc Revasc Med  \n                    2009; \n                    10\n                    (3)\n                    : 156-61.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Revasc. Med."},{"key":"refR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-013-9537-1","volume":"7","author":"Valgimigli M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valgimigli M, Calabr\u00f2 P, Cortese B, et al. \n                    Scientific foundation and possible implications for practice of the Minimizing Adverse Haemorrhagic Events by Transradial Access Site andSystemic Implementation of AngioX (MATRIX) trial. \n                    J Cardiovasc Transl Res  \n                    2014; \n                    7\n                    (1)\n                    : 101-11.","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."}],"container-title":["The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V10\/TOCMJ-10-122\/TOCMJ-10-122.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V10\/TOCMJ-10-122\/TOCMJ-10-122.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V10\/TOCMJ-10-122\/TOCMJ-10-122.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T04:16:40Z","timestamp":1554869800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com\/VOLUME\/10\/PAGE\/122\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["TOCMJ-10-122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874192401610010122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-1924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-1924","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2015-2-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-3-20","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-4-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}