{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T07:54:23Z","timestamp":1770450863241,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOCMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold>OSAS) has been linked with abnormal glucose metabolism, insulin resistance (IR) and development of diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-diabetic patients (n=69) with OSAS, diagnosed by polysomnography, were prospectively recruited. To evaluate IR among OSAS patients, the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Insulin sensitivity by Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) were used.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HOMA-IR was positively associated with body-mass index (BMI) (\u03c1=0.364, p=0.002), time with oxyhaemoglobin saturation &lt;90% (\u03c1=0.291, p=0.015), arousal index (\u03c1=0.268, p=0.027), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score (\u03c1=0.293, p=0.019) and negatively with average oxyhaemoglobin saturation (\u03c1=-0.398, p=0.001) and minimum oxyhaemoglobin saturation (\u03c1=-0.327, p=0.006). QUICKI was positively associated with forced vital capacity (r=0.301, p=0.014), average oxyhaemoglobin saturation (r=0.443, p&lt;0.001), minimum oxyhaemoglobin saturation (\u03c1=0.318, p=0.008), and negatively associated with sleep stage transitions (r=-0.266, p=0.032), oxygen desaturation index (r=-0.404, p=0.005), time with oxyhaemoglobin saturation &lt;90% (r=-0.311, p=0.019), arousal index (r=-0.344, p=0.004) and ESS score (r=-0.299, p=0.016). After adjustment for age and BMI, HOMA-IR was associated with sleep stage transitions, time with oxyhaemoglobin saturation &lt;90%, average oxyhaemoglobin saturation, minimum oxyhaemoglobin saturation and arousal index. QUICKI was associated with oxygen desaturation index, sleep stage transitions, ESS score, minimum oxyhaemoglobin saturation and arousal index.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An independent association between OSAS and IR in patients without pre-existing diabetes mellitus was observed. Recurrent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation in OSAS are associated with IR in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874192401711010159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T11:47:14Z","timestamp":1515066434000},"page":"159-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Middle-Aged Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Archontogeorgis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Papanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Nena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tzouvelekis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tsigalou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Voulgaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Xanthoudaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Mouemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Froudarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Steiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.5.667","volume":"22","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: Recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. 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