{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:35:25Z","timestamp":1767897325497,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519171200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opencardiovascularmedicinejournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOCMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk factors and short-term mortality in patients presented with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Bahrain has not been evaluated before.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective observational study, we aim to determine the clinical risk profiles of patients with ACS in Bahrain and describe the incidence, pattern of presentation and predictors of in-hospital clinical outcomes after admission.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with ACS were prospectively enrolled over a 12 month period. The rate of incidence of risk factors in patients was compared with 635 non-cardiac patient admissions that matched for age and gender. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to predict poor outcomes in patients with ACS. The variables were ages &gt;65 years, body mass index (BMI) &gt;28 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) score &gt;170, history of diabetes mellitus (DM), systolic hypertension &gt;180 mmHg, level of creatinine &gt;160 \u03bcmol\/l and Heart Rate (HR) on admission &gt;90 bpm, serum troponin rise and ST segment elevation on the ECG.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with ACS (n=635) were enrolled consecutively. Mean age was 61.3 \u00b1 13.2 years, with 417 (65.6%) male. Mean age for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI, n=156) compared with non-STEMI (NSTEMI, n=158) and unstable angina (UA, n=321) was 56.5\u00b1 12.8 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 62.5\u00b114.0 years respectively. In-hospital mortality was 5.1%, 3.1% and 2.5% for patients with STEMI, NSTEMI, and UA, respectively. In STEMI patients, thrombolytic therapy was performed in 88 (56.5%) patients and 68 (43.5%) had primary coronary angioplasty (PCI). The predictive value of different clinical variables for in-hospital mortality and cardiac events in the study were: 2.8 for GRACE score &gt;170, 3.1 for DM, 2.2 for SBP &gt;180 mmHg, 1.4 for age &gt;65 years, 1.8 for BMI &gt;28, 1.7 for creatinine &gt;160 \u03bcmol\/L, 2.1 for HR &gt;90 bpm, 2.2 for positive serum troponin and 2.3 for ST elevation.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with STEMI compared with NSTEMI and UA were of younger age. There was higher in-hospital mortality in STEMI compared with NSTEMI and UA patients. The most significant predictors of death or cardiac events on admission in ACS were DM, GRACE Score &gt;170, systolic hypertension &gt;180 mmHg, positive serum troponin and HR &gt;90 bpm.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874192401812010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,23]],"date-time":"2018-02-23T09:37:19Z","timestamp":1519378639000},"page":"7-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk Stratification and in Hospital Morality in Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Bahrain"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Taysir S","family":"Garadah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid Bin","family":"Thani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Sulibech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A","family":"Jaradat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed E","family":"Al Alawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haytham","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11403-6","volume":"360","author":"Ezzati M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S, Murray CJ. \n                    Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. \n                    Lancet  \n                    2002; \n                    360\n                    (9343)\n                    : 1347-60.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000134","volume":"130","author":"Amsterdam E.A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. \n                    2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: A report of the american college of cardiology\/american heart association task force on practice guidelines. \n                    Circulation  \n                    2014; \n                    130\n                    (25)\n                    : e344-426.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01497-8","volume":"38","author":"Antman E.M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Antman EM. \n                    Troponin measurements in ischemic heart disease: More than just a black and white picture. \n                    J Am Coll Cardiol  \n                    2001; \n                    38\n                    (4)\n                    : 987-90.","journal-title":"J. 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