{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T07:55:41Z","timestamp":1761551741778,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]],"date-time":"2008-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openneurologyjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TONEUJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article reviews the randomized control trials (RCT\u2019s) that were published in 2007 of emerging pharmacotherapies in patients with acute (\u2264 2 weeks), sub-acute (2 to 12 weeks) and chronic (\u2265 12 weeks) stroke. A Medline search generated 22 RCT\u2019s in stroke in the year 2007 in the English language. These trials were primarily efficacy studies. These included the role of statins (an anti-lipid agent) in reducing post-stroke morbidity and mortality, and decreasing the carotid atherosclerotic plaque in middle aged patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease; glucose-potassium-insulin infusion in hyperglyceamic acute stroke patients; pioglitazone (an anti-diabetic medication) to reduce recurrence of stroke in Type 2 diabetic patients; administration of intra-arterial urokinase (a thrombolytic agent) and the role of laser therapy in clot dissolution given that at present there is only one FDA approved thrombolytic agent (r TPA); benefit of warfarin (an anticoagulant) in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation in the community; NXY (a free radical trapping agent) and minocycline both tested as neuroprotectants; and zoledronate (an intravenous bisphosphonate) to prevent loss of bone mineral density of the affected extremity, and finally the role of nicardipine (a Calcium channel blocker) in the prevention of vasospasm, and hydrocortisone to prevent hyponatraemia after sub-arachnoid hemorrhage. Finally the role of non-pharmacotherapy like stents for patient\u2019s with internal carotid artery dissection with tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion and in vertebral artery stenosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874205x00802010055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,6]],"date-time":"2008-11-06T11:50:07Z","timestamp":1225972207000},"page":"55-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Randomized Clinical Stroke Trials in 2007"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"02","author":[{"given":"Meheroz H","family":"Rabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Blass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.01.105","volume":"1042","author":"Shabanzadeh AP","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shabanzadeh AP, Shuaib A, Wang CX. \n                    Simvastatin reduced ischemic brain injury and perfusion deficits in an embolic model of stroke \n                    Brain Res  \n                    2005; \n                    1042\n                    : 1-5.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"refR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000269789.09277.47","volume":"69","author":"Blanco M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blanco M, Nombela F, Castellanos M, et al. \n                    Statin treatment withdrawal in ischemic stroke: a controlled randomized study \n                    Neurology  \n                    2007; \n                    69\n                    : 904-10.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"refR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.12.1344","volume":"297","author":"Crouse JR 3rd","year":"2007","unstructured":"Crouse JR 3rd, Raichlen JS, Riley WA, et al. \n                    METEOR Study Group. \n                    Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR Trial \n                    JAMA  \n                    2007; \n                    297\n                    : 1344-53.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000257974.06317.49","volume":"38","author":"Wilcox R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilcox R, Bousser MG, Betteridge DJ, et al. \n                    PROactive Investigators. \n                    Effects of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without previous stroke: results from PROactive (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events 04) \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 865-73.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70080-7","volume":"6","author":"Gray CS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gray CS, Hildreth AJ, Sandercock PA, et al. \n                    GIST Trialists Collaboration. \n                    Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyperglycaemia: the UK Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST-UK) \n                    Lancet Neurol  \n                    2007; \n                    6\n                    : 397-406.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"refR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600312","volume":"27","author":"Romanos E","year":"2007","unstructured":"Romanos E, Planas AM, Amaro S, Chamorro A. \n                    Uric acid reduces brain damage and improves the benefits of rt-PA in a rat model of thromboembolic stroke \n                    J Cereb Blood Flow Metab  \n                    2007; \n                    27\n                    : 14-20.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"refR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.8.2.259","volume":"8","author":"Amaro S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amaro S, Planas AM, Chamorro A. \n                    Uric acid administration in patients with acute stroke: a novel approach to neuroprotection \n                    Expert Rev Neurother  \n                    2008; \n                    8\n                    : 259-70.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"refR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.480699","volume":"38","author":"Amaro S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amaro S, Soy D, Obach V, Cervera A, Planas AM, Chamorro A. \n                    A pilot study of dual treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and uric acid in acute ischemic stroke \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 2173-5.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200206120-00004","volume":"13","author":"Yao H","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yao H, Okada Y, Ibayashi S. \n                    Therapeutic time window for YAG laser-induced reperfusion of thrombotic stroke in hypertensive rats \n                    Neuroreport  \n                    2002; \n                    13\n                    : 1005-8.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"refR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.478230","volume":"38","author":"Lampl Y","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lampl Y, Zivin JA, Fisher M, et al. \n                    Infrared laser therapy for ischemic stroke: a new treatment strategy: results of the NeuroThera Effectiveness and Safety Trial-1 (NEST-1) \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 1843-9.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.488551","volume":"38","author":"Ogawa A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ogawa A, Mori E, Minematsu K, et al. \n                    MELT Japan Study Group. \n                    Randomized trial of intraarterial infusion of urokinase within 6 hours of middle cerebral artery stroke: the middle cerebral artery embolism local fibrinolytic intervention trial (MELT) Japan \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 2633-9.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.21.2003","volume":"282","author":"Furlan A","year":"1999","unstructured":"Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, et al. \n                    Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in acute cerebral thromboembolism \n                    JAMA  \n                    1999; \n                    282\n                    : 2003-11.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92358-Z","volume":"342","year":"1993","unstructured":"EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group. \n                    Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke \n                    Lancet  \n                    1993; \n                    342\n                    : 1255-62.\n                    \n                    \n                 No authors listed","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70685-8","volume":"6","author":"Algra A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Algra A. \n                    The ESPRIT Study Group. \n                    Medium intensity oral anticoagulants versus aspirin after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): a randomised controlled trial \n                    Lancet Neurol  \n                    2007; \n                    6\n                    : 115-24.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"refR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92358-Z","volume":"342","year":"1993","unstructured":"EAFT (European Atrial Fibrillation Trial) Study Group. \n                    Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke \n                    Lancet  \n                    1993; \n                    342\n                    : 1255-62.\n                    \n                    \n                 No authors listed","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61233-1","volume":"370","author":"Mant J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mant J, Hobbs FD, Fletcher K, et al. \n                    BAFTA investigators; Midland Research Practices Network (MidReC). \n                    Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a randomised controlled trial \n                    Lancet  \n                    2007; \n                    370\n                    : 493-503.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.472746","volume":"38","author":"Lyden PD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lyden PD, Shuaib A, Lees KR, et al. \n                    CHANT Trial Investigators. \n                    Safety and tolerability of NXY-059 for acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the CHANT Trial \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 2262-9.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052980","volume":"354","author":"Lees KR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lees KR, Zivin JA, Ashwood T, et al. \n                    Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment (SAINT I) Trial Investigators. \n                    NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke \n                    N Engl J Med  \n                    2006; \n                    354\n                    : 588-600.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070240","volume":"357","author":"Shuaib A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shuaib A, Lees KR, Lyden P, et al. \n                    SAINT II Trial Investigators. \n                    NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke \n                    N Engl J Med  \n                    2007; \n                    357\n                    : 562-71.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-2-2","volume":"2","author":"Wang CX","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang CX, Yang T, Noor R, Shuaib A. \n                    Delayed minocycline but not delayed mild hypothermia protects against embolic stroke \n                    BMC Neurol  \n                    2002; \n                    2\n                    : 2.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"refR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000277487.04281.db","volume":"69","author":"Lampl Y","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lampl Y, Boaz M, Gilad R, et al. \n                    Minocycline treatment in acute stroke: an open-label, evaluator-blinded study \n                    Neurology  \n                    2007; \n                    69\n                    : 1404-0.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"refR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.471862","volume":"38","author":"Coward LJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coward LJ, McCabe DJ, Ederle J, et al. \n                    CAVATAS Investigators. \n                    Long-term outcome after angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis compared with medical treatment in the Carotid And Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): a randomized trial \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 1526-30.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.12.2646","volume":"29","author":"Lucas C","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lucas C, Moulin T, Deplanque D, Tatu L, Chavot D. \n                    Stroke patterns of internal carotid artery dissection in 40 patients \n                    Stroke  \n                    1998; \n                    29\n                    : 2646-8.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.481093","volume":"38","author":"Lavall\u00e9e PC","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lavall\u00e9e PC, Mazighi M, Saint-Maurice JP, et al. \n                    Stent-assisted endovascular thrombolysis versus intravenous thrombolysis in internal carotid artery dissection with tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 2270-4.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000254601.74596.0f","volume":"38","author":"Barth M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barth M, Capelle HH, Weidauer S, et al. \n                    Effect of nicardipine prolonged-release implants on cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcome after severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective, randomized, double-blind phase IIa study \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 330-6.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.6.0947","volume":"91","author":"Mori T","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mori T, Katayama Y, Kawamata T, Hirayama T. \n                    Improved efficiency of hypervolemic therapy with inhibition of natriuresis by fludrocortisone in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage \n                    J Neurosurg  \n                    1999; \n                    91\n                    : 947-52.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"refR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.480038","volume":"38","author":"Katayama Y","year":"2007","unstructured":"Katayama Y, Haraoka J, Hirabayashi H, et al. \n                    A randomized controlled trial of hydrocortisone against hyponatremia in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 2373-5.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000257319.14023.61","volume":"38","author":"Williams LS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williams LS, Kroenke K, Bakas T, et al. \n                    Care management of post-stroke depression: a randomized, controlled trial \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 998-1003.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000258114.28006.d7","volume":"38","author":"Watkins CL","year":"2007","unstructured":"Watkins CL, Auton MF, Deans CF, et al. \n                    Motivational interviewing early after acute stroke: a randomized, controlled trial \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 1004-9.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.474262","volume":"38","author":"Poole KE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Poole KE, Loveridge N, Rose CM, Warburton EA, Reeve J. \n                    A single infusion of zoledronate prevents bone loss after stroke \n                    Stroke  \n                    2007; \n                    38\n                    : 1519-25.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"refR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60633-3","volume":"369","author":"Sherman DG","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sherman DG, Albers GW, Bladin C, et al. \n                    PREVAIL Investigators. \n                    The efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after acute ischaemic stroke (PREVAIL Study): an open-label randomised comparison \n                    Lancet  \n                    2007; \n                    369\n                    : 1347-55.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7430.6","volume":"328","author":"Coull AJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coull AJ, Lovett JK, Rothwell PM. \n                    Oxford Vascular Study. Population based study of early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke: implications for public education and organization of services \n                    BMJ  \n                    2004; \n                    328\n                    : 6.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"refR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.19.2941","volume":"160","author":"Goldstein LB","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goldstein LB, Bian J, Samsa GP, Bonito AJ, Lux LJ, Matchar DB. \n                    New transient ischemic attack and stroke: outpatient management by primary care physicians \n                    Arch Intern Med  \n                    2000; \n                    160\n                    : 2941-6.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"refR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61448-2","volume":"370","author":"Rothwell PM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Chandratheva A, et al. \n                    Early use of Existing Preventive Strategies for Stroke (EXPRESS) study. Effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke (EXPRESS study): a prospective population-based sequential comparison \n                    Lancet  \n                    2007; \n                    370\n                    : 1432-42.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70250-8","volume":"6","author":"Kennedy J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kennedy J, Hill MD, Ryckborst KJ, et al. \n                    FASTER Investigators. \n                    Fast assessment of stroke and transient ischaemic attack to prevent early recurrence (FASTER): a randomised controlled pilot trial \n                    Lancet Neurol  \n                    2007; \n                    6\n                    : 961-.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"}],"container-title":["The Open Neurology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openneurologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V02\/TONEUJ-2-55\/TONEUJ-2-55.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openneurologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V02\/TONEUJ-2-55\/TONEUJ-2-55.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openneurologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V02\/TONEUJ-2-55\/TONEUJ-2-55.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T07:50:06Z","timestamp":1761551406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openneurologyjournal.com\/VOLUME\/02\/PAGE\/55\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]]}},"alternative-id":["TONEUJ-2-55"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874205x00802010055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-205X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1874-205X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Double blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2008-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-08-25","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-10-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}