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Clinical parameters were assessed with an automated probe, samples were collected from the peri-implant sulcus or pocket and analyzed with Polymerase Chain Reaction for<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>, tetM, tetQ<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>nim<\/jats:italic>genes,<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>and MRSA using primers and conditions previously described in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings have shown high frequencies of detection for both groups for the tetracycline resistance genes<jats:italic>tetM<\/jats:italic>(&gt;30%),<jats:italic>tetQ<\/jats:italic>(&gt;65%) with no statistical differences between them (z-test with Bonferroni corrections,<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). The<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>gene, which encodes resistance to beta-lactams, was detected in &lt;15% of the samples. The<jats:italic>nim<\/jats:italic>gene, which encodes resistance to metronidazole,<jats:italic>S.aureus<\/jats:italic>and the<jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>gene encoding for MRSA were not detected in any of the analyzed samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy peri-implant sulci and peri-implantitis cases often harbor bacterial genes encoding for resistance to the tetracyclines and less often for beta-lactams. Thus, the antimicrobial activity of the tetracyclines and to a lower extent to beta-lactams, might be compromised for treatment of peri-implantitis. Since no metronidazole resistance genes were detected in the present study, its clinical use is supported by the current findings.<jats:italic>S.aureus<\/jats:italic>may not participate in peri-implant pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601408010257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,30]],"date-time":"2015-01-30T07:02:02Z","timestamp":1422601322000},"page":"257-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Subjects with Successful and Failing Dental Implants. 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