{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:52:20Z","timestamp":1788000740679,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]],"date-time":"2015-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opendentistryjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TODENTJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:underline>Objectives<\/jats:underline>: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is a common condition that is best evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The first step in MR imaging of the TMJ is to evaluate the articular disk, or meniscus, in terms of its morphologic features and its location relative to the condyle in both closed- and open-mouth positions. Disk location is of prime importance because the presence of a displaced disk is a critical sign of TMJ dysfunction. However, disk displacement is also frequently seen in asymptomatic volunteers. It is important for the maxillofacial radiologist to detect early MR imaging signs of dysfunction, thereby avoiding the evolution of this condition to its advanced and irreversible phase which is characterized by osteoarthritic changes such as condylar flattening or osteophytes. Further the MR imaging techniques will allow a better understanding of the sources of TMJ pain and of any discrepancy between imaging findings and patient symptoms. Henceforth, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether MRI findings of various degrees of disk displacement could be correlated with the presence or absence of clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects.<jats:italic><jats:underline>Materials and Methods<\/jats:underline>:<\/jats:italic>In this clinical study, 44 patients (88 TMJs) were examined clinically and divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 22 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of TMDs either unilaterally or bilaterally and considered as study group. Group 2 consisted of 22 patients with no signs and symptoms of TMDs and considered as control group. MRI was done for both the TMJs of each patient. Displacement of the posterior band of articular disc in relation to the condyle was quantified as anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDR), anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWR), posterior disc displacement (PDD).<jats:italic><jats:underline>Results<\/jats:underline>:<\/jats:italic>Disk displacement was found in 18 (81.8%) patients of 22 symptomatic subjects in Group 1 on MRI and 4 (18.1%) were diagnosed normal with no disc displacement. In Group 2, 2 (9.1%) of 22 asymptomatic patients were diagnosed with disc displacement while 20 (90.1%) were normal. Sensitivity and Specificity tests were applied in both the groups to correlate clinical findings of TMD and MRI characterstics of disc displacement and results showed Sensitivity of 90% and Specificity of 83.3%.<jats:italic><jats:underline>Conclusion<\/jats:underline>:<\/jats:italic>Disk displacement on MRI correlated well with presence or absence of clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders with high Sensitivity and Specificity of 90% and 83.3% respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601509010273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T06:19:45Z","timestamp":1441779585000},"page":"273-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Correlation Between Clinical Findings of Temporomandibular Disorders and MRI Characteristics of Disc Displacement"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Raman","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shambulingappa","family":"Pallagatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soheyl","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonam","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","unstructured":"Okeson JP. Functional anatomy and biomechanics of masticatory system. 2013."},{"key":"refR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10011-1224","volume":"23","author":"Kannan A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kannan A, Sathasivasubramanian S. Comparative study of clinical and Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis in patients with internal derangement of temporomandibular joint J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2011; 23 : 569-75.","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol"},{"key":"refR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/98030980","volume":"40","author":"Yildirim D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yildirim D, Dergin G, Tamam C, Moroglu S, Gurses B. Indirect measurement of the temporomandibular joint disc elasticity with magnetic resonance imaging Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011; 40 (7) : 422-8.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol"},{"key":"refR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1002\/j.0022-0337.2008.72.8.tb04569.x","volume":"72","author":"Wadhwa S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wadhwa S, Kapila S. TMJ disorders: future innovations in diagnostics and therapeutics J Dent Educ 2008; 72 (8) : 930-47.","journal-title":"J. Dent. Educ"},{"key":"refR5","first-page":"a3","volume":"76","author":"Maizlin Z.V.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maizlin ZV, Nutiu N, Dent PB, et al. Displacement of the temporomandibular joint disk: correlation between clinical findings and MRI characteristics J Can Dent Assoc 2010; 76 : a3.","journal-title":"J. Can. Dent. Assoc"},{"key":"refR6","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Modi P.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Modi P, Shaikh SS, Munday A. A cross sectional study of prevalence of temporomandibular joints in university students Int J Sci Res Publ 2012; 2 (9) : 1-3.","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Publ"},{"key":"refR7","first-page":"158","volume":"1","author":"Ryalat S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ryalat S, Baqain ZH, Amin WM, Sawair F, Samara O, Badran DH. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders among students of the university of jordan J Clin Med Res 2009; 1 (3) : 158-64.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res"},{"key":"refR8","first-page":"345","volume":"32","author":"Mutlu N.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mutlu N, Herken H, Guray E, Oz F. Evaluation of the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders syndrome in dental school students with Psychometric analysis Turk J Med Sci 2002; 32 : 345-50.","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci"},{"key":"refR9","first-page":"53","volume":"33","author":"Jerolimov V.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jerolimov V. Temporomandibular disorders and Orofacial pain J Med Sci 2009; 33 : 53-77.","journal-title":"J. Med. Sci"},{"key":"refR10","first-page":"37","volume":"11","author":"Ribeiro R.F.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ribeiro RF, Tallents RH, Katzberg RW, et al. The prevalence of disc displacement in symptomatic and asymptomatic volunteers aged 6 to 25 years J Orofac Pain 1997; 11 (1) : 37-47.","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Pain"},{"key":"refR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.02.011","volume":"37","author":"Campos M.I.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Campos MI, Campos PS, Cangussu MC, Guimar\u00e3es RC, Line SR. Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and pain in temporomandibular joints with and without degenerative changes of the condyle Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 37 (6) : 529-34.","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg"},{"key":"refR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/17738454","volume":"33","author":"Sener S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sener S, Akg\u00e4nl\u00fc F. MRI characteristics of anterior disc displacement with and without reduction Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2004; 33 (4) : 245-52.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol"},{"key":"refR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/79317853","volume":"41","author":"Gil C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gil C, Santos KC, Dutra ME, Kodaira SK, Oliviera JX. MRI analysis of the relationship between bone changes in the TMJ and articular disc position in symptomatic patients Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2012; 41 : 362-77.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol"},{"key":"refR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.218.2.r01fe11428","volume":"218","author":"Larheim T.A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Larheim TA, Westesson P, Sano T. Temporomandibular joint disk displacement: comparison in asymptomatic volunteers and patients Radiology 2001; 218 (2) : 428-32.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"refR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-006-0070-7","volume":"10","author":"Herb K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Herb K, Cho S, Stiles MA. Temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction Curr Pain Headache Rep 2006; 10 (6) : 408-14.","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"refR16","first-page":"123","volume":"23","author":"Koh K.J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koh KJ, List T, Petersson A, Rohlin M. Relationship between clinical and magnetic resonance imaging diagnoses and findings in degenerative and inflammatory temporomandibular joint diseases: a systematic literature review J Orofac Pain 2009; 23 (2) : 123-39.","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Pain"},{"key":"refR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.04.021","volume":"112","author":"Manfredini D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manfredini D, Guarda-Nardini L, Winocur E, Piccotti F, Ahlberg J, Lobbezoo F. Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review of axis I epidemiologic findings Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011; 112 (4) : 453-62.","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod"},{"key":"refR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374930070022101","volume":"7","author":"Clark G.T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Clark GT, Delcanho RE, Goulet JP. The utility and validity of current diagnostic procedures for defining temporomandibular disorder patients Adv Dent Res 1993; 7 (2) : 97-112.","journal-title":"Adv. Dent. Res"},{"key":"refR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benoliel R, Sharav Y. Masticatory Myofacial pain and tension type and chronic daily headache. J Orofac Pain Headache 2008; pp. 109-28.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7234-3412-2.10007-0"},{"key":"refR20","first-page":"123","volume":"23","author":"Koh K.J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koh KJ, List T, Peterson A, Rohlin M. Relationship between clinical and MRI diagnosis and findings of degenerative and inflammatory of Temporomandibular joint disease: A systemic literature review J Orofac Pain 2009; 23 : 123-39.","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Pain"},{"key":"refR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.dmfr.4600555","volume":"29","author":"Milano V.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Milano V, Desiate A, Bellino R, Garofalo T. Magnetic resonance imaging of temporomandibular disorders: classification, prevalence and interpretation of disc displacement and deformation Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2000; 29 (6) : 352-61.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol"},{"key":"refR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.08.024","volume":"99","author":"Takatsuka S.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Takatsuka S, Yoshida K, Ueki K, Marukawa K, Nakagawa K, Yamamoto E. Disc and condyle translation in patients with temporomandibular disorder Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005; 99 (5) : 614-21.","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod"},{"key":"refR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.04.012","volume":"63","author":"Katzberg R.W.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Katzberg RW, Tallents RH. Normal and abnormal temporomandibular joint disc and posterior attachment as depicted by magnetic resonance imaging in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 63 (8) : 1155-61.","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg"},{"key":"refR24","first-page":"15","volume":"10","author":"Morrow D.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Morrow D, Tallents RH, Katzberg RW, Murphy WC, Hart TC. Relationship of other joint problems and anterior disc position in symptomatic TMD patients and in asymptomatic volunteers J Orofac Pain 1996; 10 (1) : 15-20.","journal-title":"J. Orofac. Pain"},{"key":"refR25","first-page":"78","volume":"15","author":"Maydane A.V.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maydane AV, Tesch RD, Denardin OV, Dworkin SF. Possible etiologic factors in temporomandibular disorders of articular origin with implications for diagnosis and treatment Dent J Orthop 2010; 15 : 78-86.","journal-title":"Dent J Orthop"},{"key":"refR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-005-0054-z","volume":"28","author":"Benbela\u00efd R.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benbela\u00efd R, Fleiter B. Sensitivity and specificity of a new MRI method evaluating temporo-mandibular joint disc-condyle relationships: an in vivo study Surg Radiol Anat 2006; 28 (1) : 71-5.","journal-title":"Surg. Radiol. Anat"},{"key":"refR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaefer JR, Riley CJ, Caruso P, Keith D. Analysis of criteria for MRI diagnosis of TMJ Disc Displacement and Arthralgia 2012.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/283163"},{"key":"refR28","first-page":"89","volume":"49","author":"Aoyama S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Aoyama S, Kino K, Amagasa T, et al. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study of unilateral sideways disc displacements of the temporomandibular joint J Med Dent Sci 2002; 49 (3) : 89-94.","journal-title":"J. Med. Dent. Sci"}],"container-title":["The Open Dentistry Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opendentistryjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V9\/TODENTJ-9-273\/TODENTJ-9-273.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opendentistryjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V9\/TODENTJ-9-273\/TODENTJ-9-273.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opendentistryjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V9\/TODENTJ-9-273\/TODENTJ-9-273.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T03:51:52Z","timestamp":1599537112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opendentistryjournal.com\/VOLUME\/9\/PAGE\/273\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]]}},"alternative-id":["TODENTJ-9-273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874210601509010273","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-2106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-2106","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2014-6-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-11-17","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-5-5","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-7-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}