{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:02:05Z","timestamp":1790845325185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]],"date-time":"2017-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485820800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opendentistryjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TODENTJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and severity of short face pattern in ethnically different individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample comprised 4,409 Brazilians (2,192 females and 2,217 males), with a mean age of 13 years, enrolled in secondary schools in the municipality of Bauru. The sample inclusion criteria involved subjects with vertically impaired facial relationship based on excessive lip compression, when standing at natural head position, with the lips at rest. Once short face syndrome had been identified, the individuals were classified into three severity subtypes: mild, moderate, and severe. The sample was then stratified by ethnic background as White (Caucasoid), Black (African descent), Brown (mixed Caucasian\u2013African descent), Yellow (Asian descent), and Brazilian Indian (Native Brazilian descent), using the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics classification. The chi-square test at the 5% significance level was used to compare frequency ratios of individuals with vertically impaired facial relationships and across different ethnicities, according to severity.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of short face pattern was 3.15%, as 1.11%, 1.99%, and 0.02% considered mild, moderate and severe subtypes, respectively. The severe subtype was rare (0.02%) and found only in one White individual. The White group had the highest relative frequency (45.53%) of the moderate subtype, followed by Brown individuals (43.40%). In the mild subtype, Yellow (68.08%) and White (62.21%) individuals showed similar and higher relative frequency values. <\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title> \n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of short face pattern was 3.15%, and White individuals had the highest prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601711010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T05:56:04Z","timestamp":1486706164000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of the Short Face Pattern in Individuals of Bauru-Brazil"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Douglas Rezende","family":"Bastos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"de Castro Ferreira Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leopoldino Capelozza","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Rodrigues","family":"de Almeida-Pedrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio","family":"de Almeida Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70260-4","volume":"113","author":"Beckmann S.H.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Beckmann SH, Kuitert RB, Prahl-Andersen B, Segner D, The RP, Tuinzing DB. \n                    Alveolar and skeletal dimensions associated with lower face height. \n                    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop  \n                    1998; \n                    113\n                    (5)\n                    : 498-506.","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/5.1.1","volume":"5","author":"Bj\u00f6rk A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rk A, Skieller V. \n                    Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible. A synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25 years. \n                    Eur J Orthod  \n                    1983; \n                    5\n                    (1)\n                    : 1-46.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)70172-5","volume":"109","author":"Blanchette M.E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blanchette ME, Nanda RS, Currier GF, Ghosh J, Nanda SK. \n                    A longitudinal cephalometric study of the soft tissue profile of short- and long-face syndromes from 7 to 17 years. \n                    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop  \n                    1996; \n                    109\n                    (2)\n                    : 116-31.","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/10.4.369","volume":"10","author":"Houston W.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Houston WJ. \n                    Mandibular growth rotationstheir mechanisms and importance. \n                    Eur J Orthod  \n                    1988; \n                    10\n                    (4)\n                    : 369-73.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"123","volume":"64","author":"Karlsen A.T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Karlsen AT. \n                    Craniofacial characteristics in children with Angle Class II div. 2 malocclusion combined with extreme deep bite. \n                    Angle Orthod  \n                    1994; \n                    64\n                    (2)\n                    : 123-30.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(91)70076-9","volume":"100","author":"McDowell E.H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"McDowell EH, Baker IM. \n                    The skeletodental adaptations in deep bite correction. \n                    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop  \n                    1991; \n                    100\n                    (4)\n                    : 370-5.","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(88)90287-9","volume":"93","author":"Nanda S.K.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nanda SK. \n                    Patterns of vertical growth in the face. \n                    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop  \n                    1988; \n                    93\n                    (2)\n                    : 103-16.","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"247","volume":"61","author":"Nielsen I.L.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nielsen IL. \n                    Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment. \n                    Angle Orthod  \n                    1991; \n                    61\n                    (4)\n                    : 247-60.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(78)90240-3","volume":"73","author":"Opdebeeck H.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Opdebeeck H, Bell WH. \n                    The short face syndrome. \n                    Am J Orthod  \n                    1978; \n                    73\n                    (5)\n                    : 499-511.","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.11.013","volume":"141","author":"Pollard D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pollard D, Akyalcin S, Wiltshire WA, Rody WJ Jr. \n                    Relapse of orthodontically corrected deepbites in accordance with growth pattern. \n                    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop  \n                    2012; \n                    141\n                    (4)\n                    : 477-83.","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(96)80049-1","volume":"2","author":"Turley P.K.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Turley PK. \n                    Orthodontic management of the short face patient. \n                    Semin Orthod  \n                    1996; \n                    2\n                    (2)\n                    : 138-53.","journal-title":"Semin. Orthod."},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"668","volume":"16","author":"Wessberg G.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wessberg GA, Fish LC, Epker BN. \n                    The short face patient: surgical-orthodontic treatment options. \n                    J Clin Orthod  \n                    1982; \n                    16\n                    (10)\n                    : 668-85.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthod."},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"127","volume":"55","author":"Siriwat P.P.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Siriwat PP, Jarabak JR. \n                    Malocclusion and facial morphology is there a relationship? An epidemiologic study. \n                    Angle Orthod  \n                    1985; \n                    55\n                    (2)\n                    : 127-38.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.10.039","volume":"139","author":"Swasty D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Swasty D, Lee J, Huang JC, et al. \n                    Cross-sectional human mandibular morphology as assessed in vivo by cone-beam computed tomography in patients with different vertical facial dimensions. \n                    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop  \n                    2011; \n                    139\n                    (4)\n                    (Suppl.)\n                    : e377-89.","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359509005972","volume":"53","author":"Kiliaridis S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kiliaridis S. \n                    Masticatory muscle influence on craniofacial growth. \n                    Acta Odontol Scand  \n                    1995; \n                    53\n                    (3)\n                    : 196-202.","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.03.025","volume":"127","author":"Rowlerson A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rowlerson A, Raoul G, Daniel Y, et al. \n                    Fiber-type differences in masseter muscle associated with different facial morphologies. \n                    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop  \n                    2005; \n                    127\n                    (1)\n                    : 37-46.","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1974.tb00682.x","volume":"34","author":"Jago J.D.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Jago JD. \n                    The epidemiology of dental occlusion; a critical appraisal. \n                    J Public Health Dent  \n                    1974; \n                    34\n                    (2)\n                    : 80-93.","journal-title":"J. Public Health Dent."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.11.039","volume":"130","author":"Dandajena T.C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dandajena TC, Chung KW, Nanda RS. \n                    Assessment of anterior face height in a native African sample. \n                    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop  \n                    2006; \n                    130\n                    (2)\n                    : 196-201.","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-54192007000400014","volume":"12","author":"Capelozza Filho L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Capelozza Filho L, Cardoso MA, An TL, Lauris JR. \n                    Proposal for classification of individuals with long face pattern malocclusions according to severity. \n                    Rev Dent Press Ortodon Ortop Facial  \n                    2007; \n                    12\n                    : 124-58.","journal-title":"Rev. Dent. Press Ortodon. Ortop. Facial"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757201302270","volume":"21","author":"Cardoso Mde.A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cardoso MdeA, Castro RC, Li A T, Normando D, Garib DG, Capelozza F L. \n                    Prevalence of long face pattern in Brazilian individuals of different ethnic backgrounds. \n                    J Appl Oral Sci  \n                    2013; \n                    21\n                    (2)\n                    : 150-6.","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0126614100","volume":"100","author":"Parra F.C.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Parra FC, Amado RC, Lambertucci JR, Rocha J, Antunes CM, Pena SD. \n                    Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians. \n                    Proc Natl Acad Sci USA  \n                    2003; \n                    100\n                    (1)\n                    : 177-82.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"6","volume":"4","author":"Van Der Linden F.P.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Van Der Linden FP. \n                    O desenvolvimento das faces longas e curtas e as limita\u00e7\u00f5es do tratamento. \n                    Dental Press J Orthod  \n                    1999; \n                    4\n                    (6)\n                    : 6-11.","journal-title":"Dental Press J. Orthod."}],"container-title":["The Open Dentistry Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opendentistryjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V11\/TODENTJ-11-1\/TODENTJ-11-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opendentistryjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V11\/TODENTJ-11-1\/TODENTJ-11-1.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opendentistryjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V11\/TODENTJ-11-1\/TODENTJ-11-1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T04:03:59Z","timestamp":1553832239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opendentistryjournal.com\/VOLUME\/11\/PAGE\/1\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["TODENTJ-11-1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874210601711010001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-2106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-2106","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2016-07-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-12-02","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-12-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}