{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T03:36:05Z","timestamp":1770435365881,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]],"date-time":"2012-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["benthamopenarchives.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOIDJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Cutaneous injection-related infections (CIRI) are a primary reason injection drug users (IDU)\naccess the emergency department (ED).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n \n Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we examined predictors of ED use for CIRI, stratified by sex,\namong 1083 supervised injection facility (SIF) users.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Over a four-year period, 289 (27%) visited the ED for CIRI, yielding an incidence density for females of 23.8\n(95% confidence interval (CI): 19.3 \u2013 29.0) and males of 19.2 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 16.7 \u2013 22.1). Factors\nassociated with ED use for CIRI among females included residing in the Downtown Eastside (DTES) (adjusted hazard\nratio [AHR] = 2.06 [1.13 \u2013 3.78]) and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 4.48 [2.76 \u2013 7.30]). Among males,\nrequiring assistance with injection (AHR = 1.38 [1.01 \u2013 1.90]), being HIV-positive (AHR = 1.85 [1.34 \u2013 2.55]), and being\nreferred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 2.97 [1.93 \u2013 4.57]) were associated with an increased likelihood of an ED visit\nfor CIRI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n These results suggest SIF nurses have facilitated referral of hospital treatment for CIRI, highlighting the need\nfor continued development of efficient and collaborative efforts to reduce the burden of CIRI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874279301206010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,22]],"date-time":"2012-02-22T06:22:59Z","timestamp":1329891779000},"page":"5-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Determinants of Cutaneous Injection-Related Infections Among Injection Drug Users at an Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Lloyd-Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Tyndall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Grafstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Sheps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Montaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","container-title":["The Open Infectious Diseases Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/benthamopenarchives.com\/contents\/pdf\/TOIDJ\/TOIDJ-6-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/benthamopenarchives.com\/contents\/fulltext-xml\/TOIDJ\/TOIDJ-6-5.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/benthamopenarchives.com\/contents\/pdf\/TOIDJ\/TOIDJ-6-5.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T10:52:48Z","timestamp":1735555968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/benthamopenarchives.com\/abstract.php?ArticleCode=TOIDJ-6-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]]}},"alternative-id":["TOIDJ-6-5"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874279301206010005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-2793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-2793","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2011-6-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-8-22","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-11-8","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-2-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}