{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:15:51Z","timestamp":1770995751370,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509408000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openmicrobiologyjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOMICROJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common contagion among men and women with the incidence relatively higher among women due to their differing anatomy. An understanding of the kind of pathogens implicated in urinary tract infections as well as antibiotic susceptibility profiling may help the clinician make rationally correct empirical choice in their treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is aimed at determining the type and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial uropathogens isolated from female patients attending Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Awka, Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred and forty patients with clinically diagnosed UTI and who were on at least 5 days\u2019 antibiotic holiday were recruited into the study. Their demographic characteristics were captured using pre-tested questionnaire. Their clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected using sterile universal container and sent to the Microbiology Department for processing. Within 30 minutes of samples collection, the specimens were cultured and the isolates were identified, after 24 h of incubation, using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done with standard antibiotic discs using the Kirby\u2013bauer disc diffusion method.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of the 240 urine samples, 89.17% yielded significant bacteriuria. The pathogens implicated were <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (28.5%), <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (28.0%), <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp (22.8%) and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (20.5%). HIV status, patients age, pregnancy status and marital status all significantly affected bacteriuria rate (p value &lt; 0.05), while patients\u2019 location (sub-urban\/rural dwelling), and level of education did not (p value &gt; 0.05). The pattern of microbial resistance to antibiotics suggests that ceftazidime, fosfomycin and cefoxitin may not be used as first-line agents in the empirical treatment of UTIs rather; levofloxacin, meropenem or aztreonam should be considered. Levofloxacin was significantly effective against all the isolates and may be administered empirically while waiting for the culture result (Mean % susceptibility was 79.85).<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> were the predominant pathogens in the study and many were resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotics and so leave the clinicians with only few alternative drugs for UTIs treatment. Routine surveillance and monitoring studies need to be constantly conducted to update clinicians on the prevalent pathogens and the rational and empirical treatment of UTIs. Aggressive and consistent health education using every possible media is also recommended to combat the menace of drug resistance occasioned by inappropriate antibiotic use.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801711010292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,2]],"date-time":"2017-11-02T02:39:54Z","timestamp":1509590394000},"page":"292-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Angus N.","family":"Oli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivian B.","family":"Akabueze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chijioke E.","family":"Ezeudu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George U.","family":"Eleje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Obiora S.","family":"Ejiofor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ifeanyichukwu U.","family":"Ezebialu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte B.","family":"Oguejiofor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ifeoma M.","family":"Ekejindu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George O.","family":"Emechebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth N.","family":"Okeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Demilie T, Beyene G, Melaku S, Tsegaye W. \n                    Urinary bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among pregnant women in north west ethiopia. \n                    Ethiop J Health Sci  \n                    2012; 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