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This study suggests that combination of physicochemical pretreatments and taxonomic dereplication of microbial collections through MALDI-TOF MS, facilitates the detection of low abundance actinobacteria with potential as a source of antimicrobial agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>An unstudied microbial community from a tropical river sediment in Colombian Orinoqu\u00eda is described, applying an extended cultivation strategy using physicochemical pretreatments, biological screenings and taxonomic dereplication through MALDI-TOF MS approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Actinobacteria-like isolates (790) were growth and their antimicrobial activity was assessed against methicillin-resistant<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, Vancomycin-resistant<jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>, extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase<jats:italic>Klebsiella pnumoniae<\/jats:italic>, and clinical isolates of<jats:italic>Cladosporium cladosporioides<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Epicoccum nigrum.<\/jats:italic>Seventy-eight isolates, belonging to the Streptomycetaceae family according to 16S rDNA analysis were found to have antimicrobial activity and were categorized as low abundance actinobacteria by MALDI-TOF MS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggest that combination of physicochemical pretreatments and taxonomic dereplication of microbial collections through MALDI-TOF MS, facilitates the detection of low abundance actinobacteria with potential as a source of antimicrobial agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801812010181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T03:47:09Z","timestamp":1528688829000},"page":"181-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Characterization of Actinobacterial Communities from Arauca River Sediments (Colombia) Reveals Antimicrobial Potential Presented in Low Abundant Isolates"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Arango","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Acosta-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Parra-Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilpa A.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Quitian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis E.","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00016-10","volume":"74","author":"Davies J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davies J, Davies D. 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