{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:50:38Z","timestamp":1792119038868,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,8]],"date-time":"2010-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TORMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,8]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this study was to separate MAC lung disease from colonization and to define\nindications for treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n Over 4 years, we evaluated patients who had positive MAC cultures, MAC infection and coinfection\nwith MTB. In the first study, 42 immunocompetent patients with sputum or BAL culture positive only for MAC\nduring a single year (2004) were reviewed. On clinical and radiographic review, they were classified as disease related to\nMAC, likely related to MAC or unrelated to MAC. In the second study, we reviewed all immunocompetent patients,\nduring two years (2004-2005), whose respiratory secretions cultured both MTB and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM).\nIn the last study, we evaluated pulmonary function (PF) in patients with MAC infection before and after therapy (2006-\n2007). PF was evaluated in patients following ATS guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Lung disease was related\/likely related to MAC in 21 patients (50%) and not related in 21 (50%). In patients with\nMAC-related lung disease, the primary physician did not consider the diagnosis except when that physician was a\npulmonologist. Half of those with MAC-related lung disease were smokers, white and US-born. There were 12\nimmunocompetent patients with MTB and NTM cultures. Eleven were non-white and all were foreign-born. Presentation\nand clinical course were consistent with MTB. All 8 patients with abnormal PF improved.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of MAC lung infection in two inner city hospitals was four times higher than that of TB. The\nindication for treatment of MAC infection should also rely heavily on clinical and radiological evidence when there is\nonly one positive sputum culture. The diagnosis was considered only when the admitting physician was a pulmonologist.\nMost patients with combined infection were clinically consistent with MTB and responded to anti MTB treatment alone.\nTreatment with anti-MAC therapy improved PF in those patients whose PF was abnormal to begin with.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874306401004010076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,5]],"date-time":"2010-11-05T00:47:33Z","timestamp":1288918053000},"page":"76-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Lung Disease\nin Two Inner City Community Hospitals: Recognition,\nPrevalence, Co-Infection with Mycobacterium\nTuberculosis (MTB) and Pulmonary Function (PF)\nImprovements After Treatment"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"04","author":[{"given":"Zinobia","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Bachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Donath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.10.2757-2758.1995","volume":"33","author":"Eaton T","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eaton T, Fakinham JO III, Von Reyn CF. \n Recovery of Mycobacterium avium from Cigarettes \n J Clin Microbiol \n 1995; 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\n 22\n : 589-97.","journal-title":"Bull Physiopath Respir"},{"key":"refR9","first-page":"270","volume":"127","author":"Miller A","year":"1983","unstructured":"Miller A, Thornton JC, Warshaw R, Anderson H, Teistein AS, Selikoff IJ. \n Single breath diffusing capacity in a representative sample of the population of Michigan, a large industrial state: predicted values, lower limits of normal, and frequencies of abnormality by smoking history \n Am Rev Respir Dis \n 1983; \n 127\n : 270-7.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"refR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1510.090196","volume":"15","author":"Billinger ME","year":"2009","unstructured":"Billinger ME, Olivier KN, Viboud C, et al. \n Nontuberculous Mycobacteria\u2013associatedl lung disease, in hospitalized persons, United States, 1998-2005 \n Emerg Infect Dis \n 2009; \n 15\n (10)\n : 1562-9.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(94)90080-9","volume":"75","author":"Trnka L","year":"1994","unstructured":"Trnka L, Dankova D, Svandova E. \n Six years experience with the discontinuation of BCG vaccination: Protective effect of BCG vaccination against the Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex \n Tuberc Lung Dis \n 1994; 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