{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:46:26Z","timestamp":1770752786332,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]],"date-time":"2011-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TORMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]]},"abstract":"The diagnostics of respiratory viral infections has improved markedly during the last 15 years with the development of PCR techniques. Since 1997, several new respiratory viruses and their subgroups have been discovered: influenza A viruses H5N1 and H1N1, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses SARS, NL63 and HKU1, human bocavirus, human rhinoviruses C and D and potential respiratory pathogens, the KI and WU polyomaviruses and the torque teno virus. The detection of previously known viruses has also improved. Currently, a viral cause of respiratory illness is almost exclusively identifiable in children, but in the elderly, the detection rates of a viral etiology are below 40%, and this holds also true for exacerbations of chronic respiratory illnesses. The new viruses cause respiratory symptoms like the common cold, cough, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. Acute respiratory failure may occur. These viruses are distributed throughout the globe and affect people of all ages. Data regarding these viruses and the elderly are scarce. This review introduces these new viruses and reviews their clinical significance, especially with regard to the elderly population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874306401105010061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]],"date-time":"2011-07-15T03:08:53Z","timestamp":1310699333000},"page":"61-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["New Respiratory Viruses and the Elderly"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Jartti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henriikka","family":"Langen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"S\u00f6derlund-Venermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tytti","family":"Vuorinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Ruuskanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Jartti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61460-4","volume":"374","author":"Christensen K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Christensen K, Doblhammer G, Rau R, Vaupel JW. \n Ageing populations: the challenges ahead \n Lancet \n 2009; \n 374\n : 1196-208.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. \n \n In: \n The European Health Report 2002 WHO Regional Publications, European Series No 97. \n Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization 2002."},{"key":"refR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.598","volume":"19","author":"Pawelec G","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pawelec G, Derhovanessian E, Larbi A, Strindhall J, Wikby A. \n Cytomegalovirus and human immunosenescence \n Rev Med Virol \n 2009; \n 19\n : 47-56.","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"refR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.40.703","volume":"40","author":"Kobashi Y","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kobashi Y, Okimoto N, Matsushima T, Soejima R. \n Clinical analysis of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly \n Intern Med \n 2001; \n 40\n : 703-.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"refR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1086\/339881","volume":"185","author":"Falsey AR","year":"2002","unstructured":"Falsey AR, Walsh EE, Hayden FG. \n Rhinovirus and coronavirus infection-associated hospitalizations among older adults \n J Infect Dis \n 2002; \n 185\n : 1338-41.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.179","volume":"289","author":"Thompson WW","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. \n Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States \n JAMA \n 2003; \n 289\n : 179-86.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/32.1.95","volume":"32","author":"Lieberman D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lieberman D, Lieberman D, Ben-Yaakov M, et al. \n Infectious aetiologies in elderly patients hospitalised with non-pneumonic lower respiratory tract infection \n Age Ageing \n 2003; \n 32\n : 95-101.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"refR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-1042-z","volume":"22","author":"Flamaing J","year":"2003","unstructured":"Flamaing J, Engelmann I, Joosten E, Van Ranst M, Verhaegen J, Peetermans WE. \n Viral lower respiratory tract infection in the elderly: a prospective in-hospital study \n Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis \n 2003; \n 22\n : 720-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.11.1333","volume":"292","author":"Thompson WW","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. \n Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States \n JAMA \n 2004; \n 292\n : 1333-40.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"refR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1086\/430915","volume":"41","author":"Louie JK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Louie JK, Yagi S, Nelson FA, et al. \n Rhinovirus outbreak in a long term care facility for elderly persons associated with unusually high mortality \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2005; \n 41\n : 262-5.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00529.x","volume":"54","author":"Hicks LA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hicks LA, Shepard CW, Britz PH, et al. \n Two outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in nursing homes associated with rhinovirus \n J Am Geriatr Soc \n 2006; \n 54\n : 284-9.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"refR12","unstructured":"Knipe DM, Howley PM. \n Fields Virology. 5th. \n Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2007."},{"key":"refR13","first-page":"1204","volume":"46","year":"1997","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). \n Isolation ofavian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from humans--Hong Kong, May- December 1997 \n MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep \n 1997; \n 46\n : 1204-7.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"refR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7765","volume":"241","author":"Nishizawa T","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nishizawa T, Okamoto H, Konishi K, Yoshizawa H, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. \n A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology \n Biochem Biophys Res Commun \n 1997; \n 241\n : 92-7.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"refR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.524","volume":"17","author":"Hino S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hino S, Miyata H. \n Torque teno virus (TTV): current status \n Rev Med Virol \n 2007; \n 17\n : 45-57.","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"refR16","unstructured":"Kakkola L. \n Human Torque teno virus: epidemiology, cell biology and immunology In: \n Helsinki University Biomedical Dissertations No 103. \n Helsinki: University Printing House 2008."},{"key":"refR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/89098","volume":"7","author":"van den Hoogen BG","year":"2001","unstructured":"van den Hoogen BG, de Jong JC, Groen J, et al. \n A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease \n Nat Med \n 2001; \n 7\n : 719-24.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"refR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.2.884-895.2005","volume":"79","author":"Woo PC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Woo PC, Lau SK, Chu CM, et al. \n Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia \n J Virol \n 2005; \n 79\n : 884-95.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"refR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030747","volume":"348","author":"Drosten C","year":"2003","unstructured":"Drosten C, G\u00fcnther S, Preiser W, et al. \n Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome \n N Engl J Med \n 2003; \n 348\n : 1967-76.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030781","volume":"348","author":"Ksiazek TG","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ksiazek TG, Erdman D, Goldsmith CS, et al. \n A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome \n N Engl J Med \n 2003; \n 348\n : 1953-66.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1024","volume":"10","author":"van der Hoek L","year":"2004","unstructured":"van der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF, et al. \n Identification of a new human coronavirus \n Nat Med \n 2004; \n 10\n : 368-73.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"refR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400762101","volume":"101","author":"Fouchier RA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fouchier RA, Hartwig NG, Bestebroer TM, et al. \n A previously undescribed coronavirus associated with respiratory disease in humans \n Proc Natl Acad Sci USA \n 2004; \n 101\n : 6212-.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"refR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12801","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504666102","volume":"102","author":"Allander T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allander T, Tammi MT, Eriksson M, Bjerkner A, Tiveljung-Lindell A, Andersson B. \n Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples \n Proc Natl Acad Sci USA \n 2005; \n 102\n : 12801-5.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"refR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e966","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000966","volume":"2","author":"Lee WM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee WM, Kiesner C, Pappas T, Lee I, et al. \n A diverse group of previously unrecognized human rhinoviruses are common causes of respiratory illnesses in infants \n PLoS One \n 2007; \n 2\n : e966.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"refR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4130","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00028-07","volume":"81","author":"Allander T","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allander T, Andreasson K, Gupta S, et al. \n Identification of a third human polyomavirus \n J Virol \n 2007; \n 81\n : 4130-6.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"refR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030064","volume":"3","author":"Gaynor AM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gaynor AM, Nissen MD, Whiley DM, et al. \n Identification of a novel polyomavirus from patients with acute respiratory tract infections \n PLoS Pathog \n 2007; \n 3\n : 595-604.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"refR27","first-page":"400","volume":"58","year":"2009","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). \n Swine influenza A (H1N1) infection in two children---southern California, March--April 2009 \n MMWR \n 2009; \n 58\n : 400-2.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"refR28","first-page":"74","volume":"59","year":"2010","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). \n Outbreaks of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) among long-term-care facility residents - three states, 2009 \n MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep \n 2010; \n 59\n : 74-.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"refR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0904322","volume":"361","author":"Zimmer SM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zimmer SM, Burke DS. \n Historical perspective-emergence of influenza A (H1N1) viruses \n N Engl J Med \n 2009; \n 361\n : 279-85.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5349.393","volume":"279","author":"Subbarao K","year":"1998","unstructured":"Subbarao K, Klimov A, Katz J, et al. \n Characterization of an avian influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from a child with a fatal respiratory illness \n Science \n 1998; \n 279\n : 393-6.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"refR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq022","volume":"52","author":"Fowlkes AL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fowlkes AL, Arguin P, Biggerstaff MS, et al. \n Epidemiology of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Deaths in the United States, April-July 2009 \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2011; \n 52\n (Suppl 1)\n : S60-8.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052211","volume":"353","author":"Beigel JH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beigel JH, Farrar J, Han AM, et al. \n Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans \n N Engl J Med \n 2005; \n 353\n : 1374-85.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR33","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). \n Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR). Cumulative Number of Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A\/(H5N1) Reported to WHO \n \n http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/avian_influenza\/country\/cases_table_2011_03_02\/en\/index.html"},{"key":"refR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2009.0588","volume":"85","author":"Sullivan SJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sullivan SJ, Jacobson RM, Dowdle WR, Poland GA. \n 2009 H1N1 influenza \n Mayo Clin Proc \n 2010; \n 85\n : 64-76.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"refR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1086\/590663","volume":"29","author":"Babcock HM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Babcock HM, Merz LR, Dubberke ER, Fraser VJ. \n Case-control study of clinical features of influenza in hospitalized patients \n Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol \n 2008; \n 29\n : 921-6.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"refR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103223441204","volume":"344","author":"Reichert TA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reichert TA, Sugaya N, Fedson DS, Glezen WP, Simonsen L, Tashiro M. \n The Japanese experience with vaccinating schoolchildren against influenza \n N Engl J Med \n 2001; \n 344\n : 889-96.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050740","volume":"353","author":"Moscona A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moscona A. \n Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza \n N Engl J Med \n 2005; \n 353\n : 1363-73.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-2078-z","volume":"37","author":"Martin-Loeches I","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martin-Loeches I, Lisboa T, Rhodes A, et al. \n Use of early corticosteroid therapy on ICU admission in patients affected by severe pandemic (H1N1) influenza A infection \n Intensive Care Med \n 2011; \n 37\n : 272-83.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"refR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.08.110","volume":"27","author":"Leroux-Roels I","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leroux-Roels I, Van der Wielen M, Kafeja F, et al. \n Humoral and cellular immune responses to split-virion H5N1 influenza vaccine in young and elderly adults \n Vaccine \n 2009; \n 27\n : 6918-25.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"refR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1086\/367901","volume":"187","author":"Falsey AR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Falsey AR, Erdman D, Anderson LJ, Walsh EE. \n Human metapneumovirus infections in young and elderly adults \n J Infect Dis \n 2003; \n 187\n : 785-90.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-150","volume":"6","author":"Rohde G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rohde G, Borg I, Arinir U, et al. \n Relevance of human metapneumovirus in exacerbations of COPD \n Respir Res \n 2005; \n 6\n : 150.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"refR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1086\/513204","volume":"44","author":"Boivin G","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boivin G, De Serres G, Hamelin ME, et al. \n An outbreak of severe respiratory tract infection due to human metapneumovirus in a long-term care facility \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2007; \n 44\n : 1152-8.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1086\/519846","volume":"196","author":"Louie JK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Louie JK, Schnurr DP, Pan CY, et al. \n A summer outbreak of human metapneumovirus infection in a long-term-care facility \n J Infect Dis \n 2007; \n 196\n : 705-8.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.03.002","volume":"42","author":"Sloots TP","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sloots TP, Whiley DM, Lambert SB, Nissen MD. \n Emerging respiratory agents: new viruses for old diseases? \n J Clin Virol \n 2008; \n 42\n : 233-43.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00528-2","volume":"315","author":"Biacchesi S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Biacchesi S, Skiadopoulos MH, Boivin G, et al. \n Genetic diversity between human metapneumovirus subgroups \n Virology \n 2003; \n 315\n : 1-9.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"refR46","author":"Arnott A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arnott A, Vong S, Sek M, et al. \n Genetic variability of human metapneumovirus amongst an all ages population in Cambodia between 2007 and 2009 \n Infect Genet Evol \n 2011.\n \n [Epub ahead of print]","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"refR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.007","volume":"28","author":"Ryder AB","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ryder AB, Tollefson SJ, Podsiad AB, Johnson JE, Williams JV. \n Soluble recombinant human metapneumovirus G protein is immunogenic but not protective \n Vaccine \n 2010; \n 28\n : 4145-52.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"refR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11410","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01688-08","volume":"82","author":"Mok H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mok H, Tollefson SJ, Podsiad AB, et al. \n An alphavirus replicon-based human metapneumovirus vaccine is immunogenic and protective in mice and cotton rats \n J Virol \n 2008; \n 82\n : 11410-8.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"refR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032498","volume":"349","author":"Peiris JS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peiris JS, Yuen KY, Osterhaus AD, St\u00f6hr K. \n The severe acute respiratory syndrome \n N Engl J Med \n 2003; \n 349\n : 2431-41.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"refR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.014076","volume":"59","author":"Sung JJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sung JJ, Wu A, Joynt GM, et al. \n Severe acute respiratory syndrome: report of treatment and outcome after a major outbreak \n Thorax \n 2004; \n 59\n : 414-20.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"refR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5448.1467","volume":"1","author":"Tyrrell DAJ","year":"1965","unstructured":"Tyrrell DAJ, Bynoe ML. \n Cultivation of a novel common cold virus in organ cultures \n BMJ \n 1965; \n 1\n : 1467-70.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"refR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.102.5.1109","volume":"102","author":"McIntosh K","year":"1969","unstructured":"McIntosh K, Kapikian AZ, Hardison KA, Hartley JW, Chanock RM. \n Antigenic relationships among the coronaviruses of man and between human and animal coronaviruses \n J Immunol \n 1969; \n 102\n : 1109-8.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"refR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01466-06","volume":"81","author":"Pyrc K","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pyrc K, Berkhout B, van der Hoek L. \n The novel Human Coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1 \n J Virol \n 2007; \n 81\n : 3051-7.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"refR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1086\/428138","volume":"191","author":"Esper F","year":"2005","unstructured":"Esper F, Weibel C, Ferguson D, Landry ML, Kahn JS. \n Evidence of a novel human coronavirus that is associated with respiratory tract disease in infants and young children \n J Infect Dis \n 2005; \n 191\n : 492-8.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050110","volume":"11","author":"Vabret A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vabret A, Mourez T, Dina J, et al. \n Human coronavirus NL63, France \n Emerg Infect Dis \n 2005; \n 11\n : 1225-9.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR56","first-page":"12","volume":"42","author":"Splete H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Splete H. \n Coronavirus adds respiratory symptoms \n Pediatric News \n 2009; \n 42\n : 12-3.","journal-title":"Pediatric News"},{"key":"refR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1086\/426869","volume":"191","author":"Bastien N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bastien N, Anderson K, Hart L, et al. \n Human coronavirus NL63 infection in Canada \n J Infect Dis \n 2005; \n 191\n : 503-6.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mop.0001110940.57894.90","volume":"18","author":"Kahn JS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kahn JS. \n The widening scope of coronaviruses \n Curr Opin Pediatr \n 2006; \n 18\n : 42-7.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"refR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00045-07","volume":"21","author":"Nichols WG","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nichols WG, Peck Campbell AJ, Boeckh M. \n Respiratory viruses other than influenza virus: impact and therapeutic advances \n Clin Microbiol Rev \n 2008; \n 21\n : 274-90.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"refR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01044-06","volume":"45","author":"Bastien N","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bastien N, Chui N, Robinson JL, et al. \n Detection of human bocavirus in Canadian children in a 1-year study \n J Clin Microbiol \n 2007; \n 45\n : 610-3.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"refR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1086\/512196","volume":"44","author":"Allander T","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allander T, Jartti T, Gupta S, et al. \n Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2007; \n 44\n : 904-10.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.090204","volume":"15","author":"S\u00f6derlund-Venermo M","year":"2009","unstructured":"S\u00f6derlund-Venermo M, Lahtinen A, Jartti T, et al. \n Clinical assessment and improved diagnosis of bocavirus-induced wheezing in children, Finland \n Emerg Infect Dis \n 2009; \n 15\n : 1423-30.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1086\/508213","volume":"194","author":"Kesebir D","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kesebir D, Vazquez M, Weibel C, et al. \n Human bocavirus infection in young children in the United States: molecular epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of a newly emerging respiratory virus \n J Infect Dis \n 2006; \n 194\n : 1276-82.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.01.008","volume":"38","author":"Maggi F","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maggi F, Andreoli E, Pifferi M, Meschi S, Rocchi J, Bendinelli M. \n Human bocavirus in Italian patients with respiratory diseases \n J Clin Virol \n 2007; \n 38\n : 321-5.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1086\/512163","volume":"195","author":"Fry AM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fry AM, Lu X, Chittaganpitch M, et al. \n Human bocavirus: a novel parvovirus epidemiologically associated with pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Thailand \n J Infect Dis \n 2007; \n 195\n : 1038-45.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.099051","volume":"64","author":"Lahti E","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lahti E, Peltola V, Waris M, et al. \n Induced sputum in the diagnosis of childhood community-acquired pneumonia \n Thorax \n 2009; \n 64\n : 252-7.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"refR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1304.061501","volume":"13","author":"Vicente D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vicente D, Cilla G, Montes M, P\u00e9rez-Yarza EG, P\u00e9rez-Trallero E. \n Human bocavirus, a respiratory and enteric virus \n Emerg Infect Dis \n 2007; \n 13\n : 636-7.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1086\/521366","volume":"196","author":"Lee JI","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee JI, Chung JY, Han TH, Song MO, Hwang ES. \n Detection of human bocavirus in children hospitalized because of acute gastroenteritis \n J Infect Dis \n 2007; \n 196\n : 994-7.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000391","volume":"5","author":"Arthur JL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arthur JL, Higgins GD, Davidson GP, Givney RC, Ratcliff RM. \n A novel bocavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Australian children \n PLoS Pathog \n 2009; \n 5\n : e1000391.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"refR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1086\/589244","volume":"47","author":"Cheng WX","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheng WX, Jin Y, Duan ZJ, et al. \n Human bocavirus in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis: a case-control study \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2008; \n 47\n : 161-7.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.013557-0","volume":"90","author":"Hamza IA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hamza IA, Jurzik L, Wilhelm M, Uberla K. \n Detection and quantification of human bocavirus in river water \n J Gen Virol \n 2009; \n 90\n : 2634-7.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"refR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01062-09","volume":"47","author":"Blinkova O","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blinkova O, Rosario K, Li L, et al. \n Frequent detection of highly diverse variants of cardiovirus, cosavirus, bocavirus, and circovirus in sewage samples collected in the United States \n J Clin Microbiol \n 2009; \n 47\n : 3507-13.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"refR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1086\/526532","volume":"46","author":"Kantola K","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kantola K, Hedman L, Allander T, et al. \n Serodiagnosis of human bocavirus infections \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2008; \n 46\n : 540-6.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.02.003","volume":"48","author":"Hedman L","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hedman L, S\u00f6derlund-Venermo M, Jartti T, Ruuskanen O, Hedman K. \n Dating of human bocavirus infection with protein-denaturing IgG-avidity assays-Secondary immune activations are ubiquitous in immunocompetent adults \n J Clin Virol \n 2010; \n 48\n : 44-8.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21151","volume":"45","author":"Don M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Don M, S\u00f6derlund-Venermo M, Valent F, et al. \n Serologically verified human bocavirus pneumonia in children \n Pediatr Pulmonol \n 2010; \n 45\n : 120-6.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"refR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181757b16","volume":"27","author":"von Linstow ML","year":"2008","unstructured":"von Linstow ML, H\u00f8gh M, H\u00f8gh B, et al. \n Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of human bocavirus in Danish infants: results from a prospective birth cohort study \n Pediatr Infect Dis J \n 2008; \n 27\n : 897-902.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"refR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181a854ae","volume":"28","author":"Blessing K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blessing K, Neske F, Herre U, Kreth HW, Weissbrich B. \n Prolonged detection of human bocavirus DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with respiratory tract disease \n Pediatr Infect Dis J \n 2009; \n 28\n : 1018-9.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"refR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2008.0045","volume":"21","author":"Lindner J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lindner J, Karalar L, Zehentmeier S, et al. \n Humoral immune response against human bocavirus VP2 virus-like particles \n Viral Immunol \n 2008; \n 21\n : 443-9.","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"refR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1086\/588674","volume":"198","author":"Kahn JS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kahn JS, Kesebir D, Cotmore SF, et al. \n Seroepidemiology of human bocavirus defined using recombinant virus-like particles \n J Infect Dis \n 2008; \n 198\n : 41-50.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.070851","volume":"14","author":"Longtin J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Longtin J, Bastien M, Gilca R, et al. \n Human bocavirus infections in hospitalized children and adults \n Emerg Infect Dis \n 2008; \n 14\n : 217-.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.07.009","volume":"43","author":"Chow BD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chow BD, Huang YT, Esper FP. \n Evidence of human bocavirus circulating in children and adults, Cleveland, Ohio \n J Clin Virol \n 2008; \n 43\n : 302-6.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S4801","volume":"4","author":"Ringshausen FC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ringshausen FC, Tan AY, Allander T, et al. \n Frequency and clinical relevance of human bocavirus infection in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \n Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis \n 2009; \n 4\n : 111-7.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"refR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.02.008","volume":"45","author":"Costa C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Costa C, Bergallo M, Cavallo R. \n Detection of Human Bocavirus in bronchoalveolar lavage from Italian adult patients \n J Clin Virol \n 2009; \n 45\n : 81-2.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.105155","volume":"64","author":"Garbino J","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garbino J, Soccal PM, Aubert JD, et al. \n Respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage: a hospital-based cohort study in adults \n Thorax \n 2009; \n 64\n : 399-404.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"refR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1205.051424","volume":"12","author":"Bastien N","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bastien N, Brandt K, Dust K, Ward D, Li Y. \n Human Bocavirus infection, Canada \n Emerg Infect Dis \n 2006; \n 12\n : 848-50.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.10.010","volume":"44","author":"Miyakis S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miyakis S, van Hal SJ, Barratt J, Stark D, Marriott D, Harkness J. \n Absence of human Bocavirus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung transplant patients \n J Clin Virol \n 2009; \n 44\n : 179-80.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1086\/595831","volume":"199","author":"Kapoor A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kapoor A, Slikas E, Simmonds P, et al. \n A newly identified bocavirus species in human stool \n J Infect Dis \n 2009; \n 199\n : 196-200.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1086\/652416","volume":"201","author":"Kapoor A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kapoor A, Simmonds P, Slikas E, et al. \n Human bocaviruses are highly diverse, dispersed, recombination prone, and prevalent in enteric infections \n J Infect Dis \n 2010; \n 201\n : 1633-43.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165557","volume":"324","author":"Palmenberg AC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Palmenberg AC, Spiro D, Kuzmickas R, et al. \n Sequencing and analyses of all known human rhinovirus genomes reveal structure and evolution \n Science \n 2009; \n 324\n : 55-9.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"refR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.023994-0","volume":"91","author":"Simmonds P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simmonds P, McIntyre C, Savolainen-Kopra C, Tapparel C, Mackay IM, Hovi T. \n Proposals for the classification of human rhinovirus species C into genotypically assigned types \n J Gen Virol \n 2010; \n 91\n : 2409-19.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"refR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.4.1203","volume":"130","author":"Mallia P","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mallia P, Johnston SL. \n How viral infections cause exacerbation of airway diseases? \n Chest \n 2006; \n 130\n : 1203-0.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"refR92","first-page":"55","volume":"2","author":"Mallia P","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mallia P, Johnston SL. \n Influenza infection and COPD \n Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis \n 2007; \n 2\n : 55-64.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"refR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200905-025DS","volume":"6","author":"Sethi S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sethi S, Mallia P, Johnston SL. \n New paradigms in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease II \n Proc Am Thorac Soc \n 2009; \n 6\n : 532-4.","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"refR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1006.030629","volume":"10","author":"Jartti T","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jartti T, Lehtinen P, Vuorinen T, et al. \n Respiratory picornaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus as causative agents of acute expiratory wheezing in children \n Emerg Infect Dis \n 2004; \n 10\n : 1095-1.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-008-0197-0","volume":"3","author":"Camargo CA Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Camargo CA Jr, Ginde AA, Clark S, Cartwright CP, Falsey AR, Niewoehner DE. \n Viral pathogens in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \n Intern Emerg Med \n 2008; \n 3\n : 355-9.","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"refR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-489OC","volume":"174","author":"Kaiser L","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kaiser L, Aubert JD, Pache JC, et al. \n Chronic rhinoviral infection in lung transplant recipients \n Am J Respir Crit Care Med \n 2006; \n 174\n : 1392-9.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"refR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.04.016","volume":"126","author":"Kainulainen L","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kainulainen L, Vuorinen T, Rantakokko-Jalava K, Osterback R, Ruuskanen O. \n Recurrent and persistent respiratory tract viral infections in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2010; \n 126\n : 120-6.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006355","volume":"4","author":"Huang T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huang T, Wang W, Bessaud M, et al. \n Evidence of recombination and genetic diversity in human rhinoviruses in children with acute respiratory infection \n PLoS One \n 2009; \n 4\n : e6355.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"refR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.04.016","volume":"45","author":"Piralla A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Piralla A, Rovida F, Campanini G, et al. \n Clinical severity and molecular typing of human rhinovirus C strains during a fall outbreak affecting hospitalized patients \n J Clin Virol \n 2009; \n 45\n : 311-7.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.007","volume":"123","author":"Miller EK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miller EK, Edwards KM, Weinberg GA, et al. \n A novel group of rhinoviruses is associated with asthma hospitalizations \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2009; \n 123\n : 98-104.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21590","volume":"81","author":"Peltola V","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peltola V, Jartti T, Putto-Laurila A, et al. \n Rhinovirus infections in children: a retrospective and prospective hospital-based study \n J Med Virol \n 2009; \n 81\n : 1831-8.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"refR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152586","volume":"319","author":"Feng H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feng H, Shuda M, Chang Y, Moore PS. \n Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma \n Science \n 2008; \n 319\n : 1096-0.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"refR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001024","volume":"6","author":"van der Meijden E","year":"2010","unstructured":"van der Meijden E, Janssens RW, Lauber C, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Gorbalenya AE, Feltkamp MC. \n Discovery of a new human polyomavirus associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa in an immunocompromized patient \n PLoS Pathog \n 2010; \n 6\n : e1001024.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"refR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.05.006","volume":"7","author":"Schowalter RM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schowalter RM, Pastrana DV, Pumphrey KA, Moyer AL, Buck CB. \n Merkel cell polyomavirus and two previously unknown polyomaviruses are chronically shed from human skin \n Cell Host Microb \n 2010; \n 7\n : 509-15.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microb"},{"key":"refR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4586","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02602-10","volume":"85","author":"Scuda N","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scuda N, Hofmann J, Calvignac-Spencer S, et al. \n A novel human polyomavirus closely related to the African green monkey-derived lymphotropic polyomavirus (LPV) \n J Virol \n 2011; \n 85\n : 4586-90.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"refR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.04.008","volume":"45","author":"Kantola K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kantola K, Sadeghi M, Lahtinen A, et al. \n Merkel cell polyomavirus DNA in tumor-free tonsillar tissues and upper respiratory tract samples: implications for respiratory transmission and latency \n J Clin Virol \n 2009; \n 45\n : 292-5.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01691-09","volume":"48","author":"Touz\u00e9 A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Touz\u00e9 A, Gaitan J, Arnold F, et al. \n Generation of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)-like particles and their application to detection of MCV antibodies \n J Clin Microbiol \n 2010; \n 48\n : 1767-70.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"refR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2009.0083","volume":"23","author":"Kantola K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kantola K, Sadeghi M, Ewald MJ, et al. \n Expression and serological characterization of polyomavirus WUPyV and KIPyV structural proteins \n Viral Immunol \n 2010; \n 23\n : 385-93.","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"refR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-215","volume":"10","author":"Neske F","year":"2010","unstructured":"Neske F, Prifert C, Scheiner B, et al. \n High prevalence of antibodies against polyomavirus WU, polyomavirus KI, and human bocavirus in German blood donors \n BMC Infect Dis \n 2010; \n 10\n : 215.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23620","volume":"123","author":"zur Hausen H","year":"2008","unstructured":"zur Hausen H. \n Novel human polyomaviruses--re-emergence of a well known virus family as possible human carcinogens \n Int J Cancer \n 2008; \n 123\n : 247-50.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"refR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1086\/596062","volume":"199","author":"Sharp CP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sharp CP, Norja P, Anthony I, Bell JE, Simmonds P. \n Reactivation and mutation of newly discovered WU, KI, and Merkel cell carcinoma polyomaviruses in immunosuppressed individuals \n J Infect Dis \n 2009; \n 199\n : 398-404.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR112","first-page":"939","volume":"66","author":"Tyler KL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tyler KL. \n Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 1 \n Arch Neurol \n 2009; \n 66\n : 939-48.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"refR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.4.2418-2425.2003","volume":"77","author":"Maggi F","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maggi F, Pifferi M, Fornai C, et al. \n TT virus in the nasal secretions of children with acute respiratory diseases: relations to viremia and disease severity \n J Virol \n 2003; \n 77\n : 2418-5.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"refR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1086\/444389","volume":"192","author":"Pifferi M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pifferi M, Maggi F, Andreoli E, et al. \n Associations between nasal torquetenovirus load and spirometric indices in children with asthma \n J Infect Dis \n 2005; \n 192\n : 1141-8.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000232723.58355.f4","volume":"25","author":"Pifferi M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pifferi M, Maggi F, Caramella D, et al. \n High torquetenovirus loads are correlated with bronchiectasis and peripheral airflow limitation in children \n Pediatr Infect Dis J \n 2006; \n 25\n : 804-.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"refR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9071(200012)62:4<531::AID-JMV20>3.0.CO;2-C","volume":"62","author":"Deng X","year":"2000","unstructured":"Deng X, Terunuma H, Handema R, et al. \n Higher prevalence and viral load of TT virus in saliva than in the corresponding serum: another possible transmission route and replication site of TT virus \n J Med Virol \n 2000; \n 62\n : 531-7.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"refR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2001.1151","volume":"95","author":"Bando M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bando M, Ohno S, Oshikawa K, Takahashi M, Okamoto H, Sugiyama Y. \n Infection of TT virus in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis \n Respir Med \n 2001; \n 95\n : 935-42.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"refR118","first-page":"53","volume":"331","author":"Kakkola L","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kakkola L, Hedman K, Qiu J, Pintel D, S\u00f6derlund-Venermo M. \n Replication of and protein synthesis by TT viruses \n Curr Top Microbiol Immunol \n 2009; \n 331\n : 53-64.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"refR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-5-979","volume":"83","author":"Kakkola L","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kakkola L, Hedman K, Vanrobaeys H, Hedman L, S\u00f6derlund-Venermo M. \n Cloning and sequencing of TT virus genotype 6 and expression of antigenic open reading frame 2 proteins \n J Gen Virol \n 2002; \n 83\n : 979-0.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"refR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.1.98-113.2001","volume":"14","author":"Bendinelli M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bendinelli M, Pistello M, Maggi F, Fornai C, Freer G, Vatteroni ML. \n Molecular properties, biology, and clinical implications of TT virus, a recently identified widespread infectious agent of humans \n Clin Microbiol Rev \n 2001; \n 14\n : 98-113.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"refR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-005-0660-4","volume":"151","author":"Biagini P","year":"2006","unstructured":"Biagini P, de Micco P, de Lamballerie X. \n Identification of a third member of the Anellovirus genus (\"small anellovirus\") in French blood donors \n Arch Virol \n 2006; \n 151\n : 405-8.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"refR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-007-1046-6","volume":"152","author":"Ninomiya M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ninomiya M, Takahashi M, Shimosegawa T, Okamoto H. \n Analysis of the entire genomes of fifteen torque teno midi virus variants classifiable into a third group of genus Anellovirus \n Arch Virol \n 2007; \n 152\n : 1961-75.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"refR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.11.027","volume":"47","author":"Focosi D","year":"2010","unstructured":"Focosi D, Maggi F, Albani M, et al. \n Torquetenovirus viremia kinetics after autologous stem cell transplantation are predictable and may serve as a surrogate marker of functional immune reconstitution \n J Clin Virol \n 2010; \n 47\n : 189-92.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.09.012","volume":"382","author":"Kakkola L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kakkola L, Bond\u00e9n H, Hedman L, et al. \n Expression of all six human Torque teno virus (TTV) proteins in bacteria and in insect cells, and analysis of their IgG responses \n Virology \n 2008; \n 382\n : 182-9.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"refR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/15.1.16","volume":"15","author":"Govaert TM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Govaert TM, Dinant GJ, Aretz K, Knottnerus JA. \n The predictive value of influenza symptomatology in elderly people \n Fam Pract \n 1998; \n 15\n : 16-22.","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"refR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2008.11.015","volume":"49","author":"Matsuno O","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matsuno O, Kataoka H, Takenaka R, et al. \n Influence of age on symptoms and laboratory findings at presentation in patients with influenza-associated pneumonia \n Arch Gerontol Geriatr \n 2009; \n 49\n : 322-5.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"refR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1086\/345668","volume":"36","author":"Neuzil KM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neuzil KM, O'Connor TZ, Gorse GJ, Nichol KL. \n Recognizing influenza in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who have received influenza vaccine \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2003; \n 36\n : 169-74.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1086\/650486","volume":"50","author":"Talbot HK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Talbot HK, Falsey AR. \n The diagnosis of viral respiratory disease in older adults \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2010; \n 50\n : 747-51.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7279.138","volume":"322","author":"Heikkinen T","year":"2001","unstructured":"Heikkinen T, Salmi AA, Ruuskanen O. \n Comparative study of nasopharyngeal aspirate and nasal swab specimens for detection of influenza \n Br Med J \n 2001; \n 322\n : 138.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"refR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4337","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4337-4339.2002","volume":"40","author":"Heikkinen T","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heikkinen T, Marttila J, Salmi AA, Ruuskanen O. \n Nasal swab versus nasopharyngeal aspirate for isolation of respiratory viruses \n J Clin Microbiol \n 2002; \n 40\n : 4337-9.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"refR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3439","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00886-09","volume":"47","author":"Lieberman D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lieberman D, Shimoni A, Keren-Naus A, Steinberg R, Shemer-Avni Y. \n Identification of respiratory viruses in adults: nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal sampling \n J Clin Microbiol \n 2009; \n 47\n : 3439-43.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"refR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01554-07","volume":"46","author":"Vinh DC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vinh DC, Newby D, Charest H, McDonald J. \n Evaluation of a commercial direct fluorescent-antibody assay for human metapneumovirus in respiratory specimens \n J Clin Microbiol \n 2008; \n 46\n : 1840-.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"refR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.03.011","volume":"58","author":"Rahman M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rahman M, Kieke BA, Vandermause MF, Mitchell PD, Greenlee RT, Belongia EA. \n Performance of Directigen flu A+B enzyme immunoassay and direct fluorescent assay for detection of influenza infection during the 2004-2005 season \n Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis \n 2007; \n 58\n : 413-8.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1086\/422646","volume":"39","author":"Monto AS","year":"2004","unstructured":"Monto AS, Rotthoff J, Teich E, et al. \n Detection and control of influenza outbreaks in well-vaccinated nursing home populations \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2004; \n 39\n : 459-64.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.10.023","volume":"41","author":"Gooskens J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gooskens J, Swaan CM, Claas EC, Kroes AC. \n Rapid molecular detection of influenza outbreaks in nursing homes \n J Clin Virol \n 2008; \n 41\n : 7-12.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02674.x","volume":"15","author":"Steininger C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steininger C, Redlberger M, Graninger W, Kundi M, Popow-Kraupp T. \n Near-patient assays for diagnosis of influenza virus infection in adult patients \n Clin Microbiol Infect \n 2009; \n 15\n : 267-73.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"refR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50404.x","volume":"50","author":"Walsh EE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walsh EE, Cox C, Falsey AR. \n Clinical features of influenza A virus infection in older hospitalized persons \n J Am Geriatr Soc \n 2002; \n 50\n : 1498-503.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"refR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6989.1225","volume":"310","author":"Johnston SL","year":"1995","unstructured":"Johnston SL, Pattemore PK, Sanderson G, et al. \n Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children \n Br Med J \n 1995; \n 310\n : 1225-9.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"refR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.3.9801052","volume":"159","author":"Rakes GP","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rakes GP, Arruda E, Ingram JM, et al. \n Rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in wheezing children requiring emergency care. IgE and eosinophil analyses \n Am J Respir Crit Care Med \n 1999; \n 159\n : 785-90.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"refR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.04.006","volume":"114","author":"Heymann PW","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heymann PW, Carper HT, Murphy DD, et al. \n Viral infections in relation to age, atopy, and season of admission among children hospitalized for wheezing \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2004; \n 114\n : 239-47.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-781OC","volume":"170","author":"Garbino J","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garbino J, Gerbase MW, Wunderli W, et al. \n Lower respiratory viral illnesses: improved diagnosis by molecular methods and clinical impact \n Am J Respir Crit Care Med \n 2004; \n 170\n : 1197-203.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"refR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e631","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3073","volume":"121","author":"Arnold JC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arnold JC, Singh KK, Spector SA, Sawyer MH. \n Undiagnosed respiratory viruses in children \n Pediatrics \n 2008; \n 121\n : e631-7.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"refR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(03)00002-7","volume":"28","author":"Casiano-Col\u00f3n AE","year":"2003","unstructured":"Casiano-Col\u00f3n AE, Hulbert BB, Mayer TK, Walsh EE, Falsey AR. \n Lack of sensitivity of rapid antigen tests for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults \n J Clin Virol \n 2003; \n 28\n : 169-74.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.817-820.2002","volume":"40","author":"Falsey AR","year":"2002","unstructured":"Falsey AR, Formica MA, Walsh EE. \n Diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection: comparison of reverse transcription-PCR to viral culture and serology in adults with respiratory illness \n J Clin Microbiol \n 2002; \n 40\n : 817-20.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"refR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1086\/431588","volume":"41","author":"Templeton KE","year":"2005","unstructured":"Templeton KE, Scheltinga SA, van den Eeden WC, Graffelman AW, van den Broek PJ, Claas EC. \n Improved diagnosis of the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia with real-time polymerase chain reaction \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2005; \n 41\n : 345-51.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1086\/497134","volume":"41","author":"Oosterheert JJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oosterheert JJ, van Loon AM, Schuurman R, et al. \n Impact of rapid detection of viral and atypical bacterial pathogens by real-time polymerase chain reaction for patients with lower respiratory tract infection \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2005; \n 41\n : 1438-44.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.090951","volume":"63","author":"Hui DS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hui DS, Woo J, Hui E, et al. \n Influenza-like illness in residential care homes: a study of the incidence, aetiological agents, natural history and health resource utilisation \n Thorax \n 2008; \n 63\n : 690-7.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"refR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(01)00324-8","volume":"42","author":"Lieberman D","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lieberman D, Lieberman D, Korsonsky I, et al. \n A comparative study of the etiology of adult upper and lower respiratory tract infections in the community \n Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis \n 2002; \n 42\n : 21-8.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.093922","volume":"63","author":"Hohenthal U","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hohenthal U, Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4 R, Nikoskelainen J, Kotilainen P. \n The role of rhinoviruses and enteroviruses in community acquired pneumonia in adults \n Thorax \n 2008; \n 63\n : 658-9.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"refR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.1.37","volume":"58","author":"Rohde G","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rohde G, Wiethege A, Borg I, et al. \n Respiratory viruses in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalisation: a case-control study \n Thorax \n 2003; \n 58\n : 37-42.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"refR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200208-794OC","volume":"168","author":"Qiu Y","year":"2003","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Zhu J, Bandi V, et al. \n Biopsy neutrophilia, neutrophil chemokine and receptor gene expression in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \n Am J Respir Crit Care Med \n 2003; \n 168\n : 968-75.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"refR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00353-X","volume":"115","author":"Tan WC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tan WC, Xiang X, Qui D, Ng TP, Lam SF, Hegele RG. \n Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in patients hospitalized with near-fatal asthma, acute exacerbations of asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \n Am J Med \n 2003; \n 115\n : 272-7.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"refR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1086\/597122","volume":"199","author":"Gorse GJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gorse GJ, O'Connor TZ, Hall SL, Vitale JN, Nichol KL. \n Human coronavirus and acute respiratory illness in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \n J Infect Dis \n 2009; \n 199\n : 847-57.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1086\/431982","volume":"41","author":"van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB","year":"2005","unstructured":"van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, Heijnen ML, Bartelds AI, Peters MF, van der Plas SM, Wilbrink B. \n A case-control study of acute respiratory tract infection in general practice patients in The Netherlands \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2005; \n 41\n : 490-7.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.04.032","volume":"118","author":"Malmstr\u00f6m K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malmstr\u00f6m K, Pitk\u00e4ranta A, Carpen O, et al. \n Human rhinovirus in bronchial epithelium of infants with recurrent respiratory symptoms \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2006; \n 118\n : 591-6.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.02.025","volume":"120","author":"Jartti T","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jartti T, Waris M, Niesters HG, Allander T, Ruuskanen O. \n Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2007; \n 120\n : 216.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00161907","volume":"32","author":"Jartti T","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jartti T, Lee WM, Pappas T, Evans M, Lemanske RF Jr, Gern JE. \n Serial viral infections in infants with recurrent respiratory illnesses \n Eur Respir J \n 2008; \n 32\n : 314-20.","journal-title":"Eur Respir. J"},{"key":"refR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31817e695d","volume":"27","author":"Jartti T","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jartti T, Jartti L, Peltola V, Waris M, Ruuskanen O. \n Identification of respiratory viruses in asymptomatic subjects: asymptomatic respiratory viral infections \n Pediatr Infect Dis J \n 2008; \n 27\n : 1103-7.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"refR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000226912.88900.a3","volume":"25","author":"Kusel MM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kusel MM, de Klerk NH, Holt PG, Kebadze T, Johnston SL, Sly PD. \n Role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life: a birth cohort study \n Pediatr Infect Dis J \n 2006; \n 25\n : 680-.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"refR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.08.041","volume":"119","author":"Khetsuriani N","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khetsuriani N, Kazerouni NN, Erdman DD, et al. \n Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2007; \n 119\n : 314-21.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1462","volume":"12","author":"Contoli M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Contoli M, Message SD, Laza-Stanca V, et al. \n Role of deficient type III interferon-lambda production in asthma exacerbations \n Nat Med \n 2006; \n 12\n : 1023-6.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"refR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-85","volume":"10","author":"Jartti T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jartti T, Paul-Anttila M, Lehtinen P, et al. \n Systemic T-helper and T-regulatory cell type cytokine responses in rhinovirus vs respiratory syncytial virus induced early wheezing: an observational study \n Respir Res \n 2009; \n 10\n : 85.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"refR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200701-030AW","volume":"4","author":"Johnston SL","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnston SL. \n Innate immunity in the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma exacerbations \n Proc Am Thorac Soc \n 2007; \n 4\n : 267-70.","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"refR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2005.00246.x","volume":"16","author":"Simons E","year":"2005","unstructured":"Simons E, Schroth MK, Gern JE. \n Analysis of tracheal secretions for rhinovirus during natural colds \n Pediatr Allergy Immunol \n 2005; \n 16\n : 276-8.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"refR165","first-page":"87","volume":"9","author":"Ratcliff RM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ratcliff RM, Chang G, Kok T, Sloots TP. \n Molecular diagnosis of medical viruses \n Curr Issues Mol Biol \n 2007; \n 9\n : 87-102.","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"refR166","first-page":"64","volume":"23","author":"Larbi A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Larbi A, Franceschi C, Mazzatti D, Solana R, Wikby A, Pawelec G. \n Aging of the immune system as a prognostic factor for human longevity \n Physiology (Bethesda) \n 2008; \n 23\n : 64-74.","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"refR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200522070-00005","volume":"22","author":"Fulop T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fulop T, Larbi A, Wikby A, Mocchegiani E, Hirokawa K, Pawelec G. \n Dysregulation of T-cell function in the elderly : scientific basis and clinical implications \n Drugs Aging \n 2005; \n 22\n : 589-603.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"refR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.04.017","volume":"116","author":"Holt PG","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holt PG, Upham JW, Sly PD. \n Contemporaneous maturation of immunologic and respiratory functions during early childhood: implications for development of asthma prevention strategies \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2005; \n 116\n : 16-24.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1086\/596475","volume":"48","author":"Fulop T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fulop T, Pawelec G, Castle S, Loeb M. \n Immunosenescence and vaccination in nursing home residents \n Clin Infect Dis \n 2009; \n 48\n : 443-8.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"refR170","first-page":"L1046","volume":"272","author":"Keicho N","year":"1997","unstructured":"Keicho N, Elliott WM, Hogg JC, Hayashi S. \n Adenovirus E1A upregulates interleukin-8 espression induced by endotoxin in pulmonary epithelial cells \n Am J Physiol \n 1997; \n 272\n : L1046-52.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"refR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.110473","volume":"106","author":"Yamada K","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yamada K, Elliott WM, Hayashi S, et al. \n Latent adenoviral infection modifies the steroid response in allergic lung inflammation \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2000; \n 106\n : 844-51.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.25.1.2511","volume":"25","author":"Meshi B","year":"2001","unstructured":"Meshi B, Vitalis T, Ionescu D, Elliott WM, Hayashi S, Hogg JC. \n Emphysematous lung destruction by cigarette smoke: effect of latent adenoviral infection \n Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol \n 2001; \n 25\n : 1-6.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"refR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.3.2007149","volume":"164","author":"Ratemales I","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ratemales I, Elliott WM, Meshi B, et al. \n The amplification of inflammation in emphysema and its association with latent adenoviral infection \n Am J Respir Crit Care Med \n 2001; \n 164\n : 469-73.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"refR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.33","volume":"111","author":"Kotaniemi-Syrj\u00e4nen A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kotaniemi-Syrj\u00e4nen A, Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4 R, Reijonen TM, Waris M, Korhonen K, Korppi M. \n Rhinovirus-induced wheezing in infancy-the first sign of childhood asthma? \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2003; \n 111\n : 66-71.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.06.024","volume":"116","author":"Lemanske RF Jr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lemanske RF Jr, Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, et al. \n Rhinovirus illnesses during infancy predict subsequent childhood wheezing \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2005; \n 116\n : 571-7.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.11.003","volume":"119","author":"Lehtinen P","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lehtinen P, Ruohola A, Vanto T, Vuorinen T, Ruuskanen O, Jartti T. \n Prednisolone reduces recurrent wheezing after a first wheezing episode associated with rhinovirus infection or eczema \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2007; \n 119\n : 570-.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.669","volume":"119","author":"Kusel MM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kusel MM, de Klerk NH, Kebadze T, et al. \n Early-life respiratory viral infections, atopic sensitization, and risk of subsequent development of persistent asthma \n J Allergy Clin Immunol \n 2007; \n 119\n : 1105-0.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"refR178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200802-309OC","volume":"178","author":"Jackson DJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD, et al. \n Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children \n Am J Respir Crit Care Med \n 2008; \n 178\n : 667-72.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"refR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61459-6","volume":"377","author":"Ruuskanen O","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ruuskanen O, Lahti E, Jennings LJ, Murdoch DR. \n Viral Pneumonia \n Lancet \n 2011; \n 377\n : 1264-75.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000108197.81270.35","volume":"23","author":"Peltola VT","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peltola VT, McCullers JA. \n Respiratory viruses predisposing to bacterial infections: role of neuraminidase \n Pediatr Infect Dis J \n 2004; \n 23\n : S87-97.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"refR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.10.022","volume":"41","author":"Herfst S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herfst S, Fouchier RA. \n Vaccination approaches to combat human metapneumovirus lower respiratory tract infections \n J Clin Virol \n 2008; \n 41\n : 49-52.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"refR182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.01.021","volume":"133","author":"Enjuanes L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Enjuanes L, Dediego ML, Alvarez E, Deming D, Sheahan T, Baric R. \n Vaccines to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced disease \n Virus Res \n 2008; \n 133\n : 45-62.","journal-title":"Virus Res"}],"container-title":["The Open Respiratory Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V5\/TORMJ-5-61\/TORMJ-5-61.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V5\/TORMJ-5-61\/TORMJ-5-61.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V5\/TORMJ-5-61\/TORMJ-5-61.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:04:03Z","timestamp":1761804243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com\/VOLUME\/5\/PAGE\/61\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]]},"references-count":182,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]]}},"alternative-id":["TORMJ-5-61"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874306401105010061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-3064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-3064","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Double blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2010-11-3","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-4-4","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-5-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-07-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}