{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:09:35Z","timestamp":1767139775607},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TORMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A recent article by Jop de Vrieze (March 23, 2020) suggested that BCG vaccine could protect against COVID-19 infections. The arguments were that several European countries, like Italy, Spain, France, and Germany, which are badly affected by COVID-19, and the USA stopped vaccination of the general population by BCG and excluded it from their routine vaccination schedule. Many people started to receive doses of BCG based on that hypothesis even before its confirmation. We think that the BCG vaccine could not protect against COVID-19 because several countries like China and Iran, which are severely affected by COVID-19, still include the BCG vaccine in its routine vaccination schedule. Other arguments include that the BCG vaccine improves cell-mediated immunity with little effect on humoral immunity; Immunity against viruses, in general, is mainly humoral.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874306402014010045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T11:14:21Z","timestamp":1606475661000},"page":"45-46","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["BCG Vaccine does not Protect Against COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohamed F.","family":"Allam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghada E.EL-D.","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, et al. \n                    Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19).\n                    \n                    Stat Pearls \n                    \n                    \n                    \n                    2020.\n                     https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ NBK554776\/\n                 Updated 2020 Mar 20 Internet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8297","author":"de Vrieze J.","unstructured":"de Vrieze J. \n                    Can a century-old TB vaccine steel the immune system against the new coronavirus? \n                    Science","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2147\/RRU.S63447","volume":"7","author":"Fuge O.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fuge O, Vasdev N, Allchorne P, Green JS. \n                    Immunotherapy for bladder cancer. \n                    Res Rep Urol  \n                    2015; \n                    7\n                    : 65-79.","journal-title":"Res. 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Immunol."},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport M, et al. \n                    Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease. \n                    Chapter 9, The Humoral Immune Response  5th edition. \n                    2001.\n                    \n                    \n                    \n                     https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov \/books\/NBK10752\/"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4940","author":"Roback JD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roback JD, Guarner J. \n                    Convalescent plasma to treat COVID-19: Possibilities and challenges. \n                    JAMA Published online March 27 \n                    2020.","journal-title":"JAMA Published online March 27"}],"container-title":["The Open Respiratory Medicine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V14\/TORMJ-14-45\/TORMJ-14-45.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V14\/TORMJ-14-45\/TORMJ-14-45.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V14\/TORMJ-14-45\/TORMJ-14-45.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T11:14:52Z","timestamp":1606475692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com\/VOLUME\/14\/PAGE\/45\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]}},"alternative-id":["TORMJ-14-45"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874306402014010045","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-3064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-3064","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2020-6-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-8-22","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-9-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}