{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:31:44Z","timestamp":1791405104764,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418947200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openrheumatologyjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TORJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to review the literature linking metabolic factors to Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH), in order to assess associations between growth factors and DISH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified studies in our personal database and PubMed using the following keywords in various combinations: \u201cdiffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis\u201d, \u201cankylosing hyperostosis\u201d, \u201cForestier\u2019s disease\u201d, \u201cdiabetes\u201d, \u201cinsulin\u201d, \u201cobesity\u201d, \u201cmetabolic\u201d, \u201cgrowth factors\u201d, \u201cadipokines\u201d, \u201cglucose tolerance\u201d and \u201cchondrocytes\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We were not able to do a systematic review due to variability in methodology of studies. We found positive associations between obesity (especially abdominal obesity), Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia and DISH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current research indicates that certain metabolic factors associate with DISH. More precise studies deriving from these findings on these and other newly identified bone-growth factors are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874312901408010116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,29]],"date-time":"2014-12-29T00:36:41Z","timestamp":1419813401000},"page":"116-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Metabolic Factors in Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis \u2013 A Review of Clinical Data"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sruti","family":"Pillai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Littlejohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","first-page":"1801","author":"Hochberg M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hochberg M, Silman A, Weinblatt M, Weisman M, Littlejohn GO. 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