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Based on the fact that TNF is merely one component in a complex network it was assumed that the combination of a TNF-inhibitor and an IL-1\u03b2-inhibitor could potentiate the effects in a pig model on nucleus pulposus-induced nerve conduction velocity reduction. The data indicated that combination of two cytokine inhibitors seems to be more efficient in reducing the nucleus pulposus-induced effects on nerve conduction velocity than using each inhibitor separately. This may be considered if future clinical trials for the treatment of sciatica and low back pain using just a single inhibitor may continue to demonstrate inconclusive data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001105010151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,4]],"date-time":"2011-05-04T03:15:24Z","timestamp":1304478924000},"page":"151-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combination of Two Cytokine Inhibitors Reduces Nucleus Pulposus-Induced Nerve Injury More Than Using Each Inhibitor Separately"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kjell","family":"Olmarker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199812010-00008","volume":"23","author":"Olmarker K","year":"1998","unstructured":"Olmarker K, Larsson K. \n                Tumor necrosis factor alpha and nucleus-pulposus-induced nerve root injury \n                Spine  \n                1998; \n                23\n                (23)\n                : 2538-44.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"refR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.03.029","volume":"110","author":"Cuellar JM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cuellar JM, Montesano PX, Carstens E. \n                Role of TNF-alpha in sensitization of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons induced by application of nucleus pulposus to L5 dorsal root ganglion in rats \n                Pain  \n                2004; \n                110\n                : 578-87.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"refR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-0058-8","volume":"15","author":"Ozaktay AC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ozaktay AC, Kallakuri S, Takebayashi T, et al. \n                Effects of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor on sensitivity of dorsal root ganglion and peripheral receptive fields in rats \n                Eur Spine J  \n                2006; \n                15\n                (10)\n                : 1529-37.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"refR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b8b04f","volume":"35","author":"Otoshi K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Otoshi K, Kikuchi S, Konno S, Sekiguchi M. \n                The reactions of glial cells and endoneurial macrophages in the dorsal root ganglion and their contribution to pain-related behavior after application of nucleus pulposus onto the nerve root in rats \n                Spine (Phila Pa 1976)  \n                2010; \n                35\n                (3)\n                : 264-71.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"refR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E232","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181d8bef3","volume":"36","author":"Nakamae T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakamae T, Ochi M, Olmarker K. \n                Pharmacological inhibition of tumor necrosis factor may reduce pain behavior changes induced by experimental disc puncture in the rat: an experimental study in rats \n                Spine  \n                2011; \n                36\n                (4)\n                : E232-6.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"refR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012010-00003","volume":"25","author":"Igarashi T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Igarashi T, Kikuchi S, Shubayev V, Myers RR. \n                Volvo award winner in basic science studies: Exogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha mimics nucleus pulposus-induced neuropathology. 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