{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:04:00Z","timestamp":1793754240820,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,20]],"date-time":"2013-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openorthopaedicsjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOORTHJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct an overview (review-of-reviews) on pharmacological interventions for neck pain.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search Strategy:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Computerized databases and grey literature were searched from 2006 to 2012.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection Criteria:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in adults with acute to chronic neck pain reporting effects of pharmacological interventions including injections on pain, function\/disability, global perceived effect, quality of life and patient satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Collection &amp; Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two independent authors selected articles, assessed risk of bias and extracted data The GRADE tool was used to evaluate the body of evidence and an external panel provided critical review.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found 26 reviews reporting on 47 RCTs. Most pharmacological interventions had low to very low quality methodologic evidence with three exceptions. For chronic neck pain, there was evidence of:<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>a small immediate benefit for eperison hydrochloride (moderate GRADE, 1 trial, 157 participants);<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>no short-term pain relieving benefit for botulinum toxin-A compared to saline (strong GRADE; 5 trial meta-analysis, 258 participants) nor for subacute\/chronic whiplash (moderate GRADE; 4 trial meta-analysis, 183 participants) including reduced pain, disability or global perceived effect; and<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>no long-term benefit for medial branch block of facet joints with steroids (moderate GRADE; 1 trial, 120 participants) over placebo to reduce pain or disability;<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Reviewers' Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While in general there is a lack of evidence for most pharmacological interventions, current evidence is against botulinum toxin-A for chronic neck pain or subacute\/chronic whiplash; against medial branch block with steroids for chronic facet joint pain; but in favour of the muscle relaxant eperison hydrochloride for chronic neck pain.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001307010473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,30]],"date-time":"2013-09-30T06:20:15Z","timestamp":1380522015000},"page":"473-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pharmacological Interventions Including Medical Injections for Neck Pain: An Overview as Part of the ICON\u00a7 Project"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"07","author":[{"given":"Paul M","family":"Peloso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahweesh","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita R","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Carlesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Santaguida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Lowcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy C","family":"MacDermid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie H","family":"Goldsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Langevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00334-7","volume":"93","author":"Croft PR","year":"2001","unstructured":"Croft PR, Lewis M, Papageorgiou AC, et al. \n                    Risk factors for neck pain: a longitudinal study in the general population \n                    Pain  \n                    2001; \n                    93\n                    (3)\n                    : 317-25.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"refR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816454c8","volume":"33","author":"Hogg-Johnson S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, Carroll LJ, et al. \n                    The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders \n                    Spine  \n                    2008; \n                    33\n                    (4S)\n                    : S39-51.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"refR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2011.3637","volume":"42","author":"Chevan J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chevan J, Riddel DL. \n                    Factors Associated With Care Seeking From\nPhysicians, Physical Therapists, or Chiropractors by Persons With\nSpinal Pain: A Population-Based Study \n                    J Orthop Sports Phys Ther  \n                    2011; \n                    42\n                    (7)\n                    : 467-76.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"#cr-split#-refR4.1","unstructured":"Chou R, McDonagh M, Nakamoto E, et al.   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