{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T20:19:37Z","timestamp":1773605977883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openorthopaedicsjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOORTHJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Poliomyelitis is caused by an enterovirus infection of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord. Up to 40% of survivors recover full muscle strength, however 60\u201390% are left with varying degrees of residual paralysis, where the patient suffers from cramping myalgia and lower motor neuron pattern weakness. This study aimed to identify and quantify, in terms of prevalence and severity of the types of joint deformities encountered in polio sufferers. It also aimed to assess the disability caused by such problems. Finally we documented the provision and use of mobility aids, orthotics and surgery in the patient group.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Impairment was confined to one lower limb, and this is consistent, as the majority of patients were infected in infancy. The study found that pes cavus, scoliosis, flexion deformity of the knee and true lower-limb shortening accounted for over half of the deformities found. The mean Barthel Disability score was 19 and over 80% of patients used at least one aid, usually in the form of a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO). Surgery also plays a large in role in the management of polio patients, however necessity needs to be assessed on an individual basis taking into account many aspects of the patient\u2019s life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001509010204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]],"date-time":"2015-07-06T06:26:31Z","timestamp":1436163991000},"page":"204-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Prevalence and Severity of Joint Problems and Disability in Patients with Poliomyelitis in Urban India"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Baliga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Mcmillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Sharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","unstructured":"Isselbacher K, Adams R, Braunnwald E, Corey L, Eds. \n                Harrison's Principles of internal Medicine \n                14th ed McGraw-Hill USA.  \n                 1999; pp. \n                812-3."},{"key":"refR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.0301","volume":"38","author":"Neumann DA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neumann DA. \n                Polio its impact on people of the United States and the emerging profession of physical therapy \n                J Orthop Sports Phys Ther  \n                2004; \n                38\n                (8)\n                :  479-92.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"refR3","unstructured":"Huckstep R. \n                Poliomyelitis, A guide for developing countries- including appliances and rehabilitation \n                WorldOrtho Inc Available on wwwworldorthocom http:\/\/wwwworldorthocom 1997."},{"key":"refR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70095-8","volume":"9","author":"Gonzalez H","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gonzalez H, Olsson T, Borg K. \n                    Management of post polio syndrome \n                    Lancet Neurol  \n                    2010; \n                    9\n                    (6)\n                    :  634-42.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"refR5","first-page":"61","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney RI","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mahoney RI,  Barthel DW. \n                    Functional evaluation the Barthel index \n                    Md State Med J  \n                    1965; \n                    14\n                    :  61-5.","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"refR6","volume":"6","year":"2002","unstructured":"SEAR Polio Bulletin.World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia Poliomyelitis Surveillance Weekly report for week 1 2002 \n                     Vaccines and Other Biologicals  \n                    2002; \n                    6\n                    (1)","journal-title":"Vaccines and Other Biologicals"},{"key":"refR7","unstructured":"A Blot on Polio Eradication Drive \n                    Decan Herald DH News Service Bangalore January 01 \n                    2004."},{"key":"refR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163050-00007","volume":"63","author":"Leong JC","year":"1981","unstructured":"Leong JC,  Wilding K, Mok K, Chow SP,  Yau AC. \n                    Surgical treatment of scoliosis following Poliomyelitis A review of one hundred and ten cases \n                    J Bone Joint Surg Am  \n                    1981; \n                    63\n                    (5)\n                    :  726-40.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"refR9","unstructured":"Perry J, Keenan MA. \n                    Post polio corrective surgery then and now \n                    Post-polio health international Available from wwwpost-polioorg\/educa html 0000 http:\/\/wwwpost-polioorg\/educa html  2000."},{"key":"refR10","first-page":"398","volume":"42","author":"Beasley WC","year":"1961","unstructured":"Beasley WC. \n                            Quantative muscle testing principles and applications to research and clinical services \n                            Arch Phys Med Rehabil  \n                            1961; \n                            42\n                            :  398-425.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"refR11","first-page":"45","author":"Halstead LS","year":"1985","unstructured":"Halstead LS,  Wiechers DO,  Bodain D. \n                            Motorneuron disease and recovery in experimental poliomyelitis \n                            The Late effects of Poliomyelitis Miami Symposia Foundation  \n                            1985; \n                            45-55.","journal-title":"The Late effects of Poliomyelitis. Miami Symposia Foundation"},{"key":"refR12","unstructured":"WHOPoliomyelitisFact Sheet No 114 WHO, Geneva \n                            Avaiable from http: \/\/wwwwhoint\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs114\/e n\/indexhtml \n                            2013."},{"key":"refR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.10.026","volume":"29","author":"Deintjer TR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deintjer TR,  Pallansch M, Cochi S , et al. \n                            Economic analysis of the global polio eradication initiative \n                            Vaccine  \n                            2010; \n                            29\n                            (2)\n                            :  334-43.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"refR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00584-4","volume":"21","author":"Khan M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Khan M, Ehreth J. \n                            Costs and benefits of polio eradication a long-run global perspective \n                            Vaccine  \n                            2003; \n                            21\n                            :  702-5.","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["The Open Orthopaedics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V9\/TOORTHJ-9-204\/TOORTHJ-9-204.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V9\/TOORTHJ-9-204\/TOORTHJ-9-204.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V9\/TOORTHJ-9-204\/TOORTHJ-9-204.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T11:44:58Z","timestamp":1553255098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/VOLUME\/9\/PAGE\/204\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]}},"alternative-id":["TOORTHJ-9-204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874325001509010204","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-3250"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-3250","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2015-1-4","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-4-18","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-4-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-6-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}