{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:45:13Z","timestamp":1788396313666,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,25]],"date-time":"2016-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openorthopaedicsjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOORTHJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,25]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to compare the morphology of the A1 pulley and flexor tendons in idiopathic trigger finger of digits other than the thumb between in neutral position and in the position with the interphalangeal joints full flexed and with the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint 0\u00b0 extended (hook grip position).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 48 affected digits and 48 contralateral normal digits from 48 patients who initially diagnosed with idiopathic trigger finger were studied sonographically. Sonographic analysis was focused on the A1 pulley and flexor tendons at the level of the MP joint in the transverse plane. We measured the anterior-posterior thickness of A1 pulley and the sum of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons, and also measured the maximum radialulnar width of the flexor tendon in neutral and hook grip positions, respectively. Each measurement was compared between in neutral and in hook grip positions, and also between the affected and contralateral normal digits in each position.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n In all the digits, the anterior-posterior thickness of flexor tendons significantly increased in hook grip position as compared with in neutral position, whereas radial-ulnar width significantly decreased. Both the A1 pulley and flexor tendons were thicker in the affected digits as compared with contralateral normal digits.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The thickness of flexor tendons was significantly increased anteroposteriorly in hook grip position as compared with in neutral position. In trigger finger, A1 pulley and flexor tendon were thickened, and mismatch between the volume of the flexor tendon sheath and the tendons, especially in anterior-posterior direction, might be a cause of repetitive triggering.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001610010036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,30]],"date-time":"2016-03-30T02:19:51Z","timestamp":1459304391000},"page":"36-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparison of the Thickness of Pulley and Flexor Tendon Between in Neutral and in Flexed Positions of Trigger Finger"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Junko","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.1.r00oc40201","volume":"217","author":"Hauger O","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hauger O, Chung CB, Lektrakul N, et al. \n Pulley system in the fingers: normal anatomy and simulated lesions in cadavers at MR imaging, CT, and US with and without contrast material distention of the tendon sheath. \n Radiology \n 2000; \n 217\n (1)\n : 201-12.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2323031075","volume":"232","author":"Boutry N","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boutry N, Lard\u00e9 A, Demondion X, Cortet B, Cotten H, Cotten A. \n Metacarpophalangeal joints at US in asymptomatic volunteers and cadaveric specimens. \n Radiology \n 2004; \n 232\n (3)\n : 716-24.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2005.24.10.1333","volume":"24","author":"Boutry N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boutry N, Tit\u00e9cat M, Demondion X, Glaude E, Fontaine C, Cotten A. \n High-frequency ultrasonographic examination of the finger pulley system. \n J Ultrasound Med \n 2005; \n 24\n (10)\n : 1333-9.","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-001-1161-9","volume":"12","author":"Martinoli C","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martinoli C, Bianchi S, Dahmane M, Pugliese F, Bianchi-Zamorani MP, Valle M. \n Ultrasound of tendons and nerves. \n Eur Radiol \n 2002; \n 12\n (1)\n : 44-55.","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2008.27.10.1407","volume":"27","author":"Guerini H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guerini H, Pessis E, Theumann N, et al. \n Sonographic appearance of trigger fingers. \n J Ultrasound Med \n 2008; \n 27\n (10)\n : 1407-13.","journal-title":"J. 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Int."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1996.15.3.213","volume":"15","author":"Serafini G","year":"1996","unstructured":"Serafini G, Derchi LE, Quadri P, Martinoli C, Orio O, Cavallo A. \n High resolution sonography of the flexor tendons in trigger fingers. \n J Ultrasound Med \n 1996; \n 15\n (3)\n : 213-9.","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.06.027","volume":"37","author":"Sato J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sato J, Ishii Y, Noguchi H, Takeda M. \n Sonographic appearance of the flexor tendon, volar plate, and A1 pulley with respect to the severity of trigger finger. \n J Hand Surg Am \n 2012; \n 37\n (10)\n : 2012-20.","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.01.005","volume":"39","author":"Chiang CH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chiang CH, Kuo LC, Kuo YL, et al. \n The value of high-frequency ultrasonographic imaging for quantifying trigger digits: a correlative study with clinical findings in patients with different severity grading. \n Ultrasound Med Biol \n 2013; \n 39\n (6)\n : 967-74.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.05.015","volume":"34","author":"Drossos K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Drossos K, Remmelink M, Nagy N, de Maertelaer V, Pasteels JL, Schuind F. \n Correlations between clinical presentations of adult trigger digits and histologic aspects of the A1 pulley. \n J Hand Surg Am \n 2009; \n 34\n (8)\n : 1429-35.","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg. 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