{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T20:58:19Z","timestamp":1789073899450,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]],"date-time":"2016-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479340800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openorthopaedicsjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOORTHJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lymphedema is the result of impaired lymphatic drainage by the affected organ. This abnormality can be primary or secondary. Different operative approaches have been introduced to treat chronic lymphedema.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study included 816 patients who were diagnosed with chronic lower extremity lymphedema and did not respond to non-operative management for at least six months. Data was collected over 25 years, between March 1987 and March 2013. Doppler ultrasonography of the deep venous system was routinely undertaken in all patients to confirm patency. The patients underwent surgery and their progress was followed for at least one year postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients were operated by the suggested technique and long term fallow-up which is a modified form of the Homan\u2019s technique. The outcome was excellent, and 89.2% of patients were free of complication and 2% had poor results. The most common complication was wound seroma and wound infection.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The long term results and considering the difficulties associated with the treatment of chronic lymphedema and the variety of surgical options, our method achieved excellent results, and may be proposed for the standard operative procedure for treating intractable forms of this disease.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001610010543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T04:05:51Z","timestamp":1479787551000},"page":"543-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long Term Results of Innovative Procedure in Surgical Management of Chronic Lymphedema"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Seyed R.","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945916647961","volume":"38","author":"Stolldorf D.P.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stolldorf DP, Dietrich MS, Ridner SH. \n                    A comparison of the quality of life in patients with primary and secondary lower limb lymphedema: A Mixed-Methods study. \n                    West J Nurs Res  \n                    2016; \n                    38\n                    (10)\n                    : 1313-34.","journal-title":"West. J. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-013-0201-9","volume":"163","author":"D\u00f6ller W.","year":"2013","unstructured":"D\u00f6ller W. \n                    Lymphedema: anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of lymphedema, definition and classification of lymphedema and lymphatic vascular malformations. \n                    Wien Med Wochenschr  \n                    2013; \n                    163\n                    (7-8)\n                    : 155-61.","journal-title":"Wien. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X9700200408","volume":"2","author":"Szuba A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Szuba A, Rockson SG. \n                    Lymphedema: anatomy, physiology and pathogenesis. \n                    Vasc Med  \n                    1997; \n                    2\n                    (4)\n                    : 321-6.","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2014.07.002","volume":"23","author":"Elluru R.G.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elluru RG, Balakrishnan K, Padua HM. \n                    Lymphatic malformations: diagnosis and management. \n                    Semin Pediatr Surg  \n                    2014; \n                    23\n                    (4)\n                    : 178-85.","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"91","volume":"26","author":"Browse N.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Browse NL, Stewart G. \n                    Lymphoedema: pathophysiology and classification. \n                    J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)  \n                    1985; \n                    26\n                    (2)\n                    : 91-106.","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1163","volume":"55","author":"Witte M.H.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Witte MH, Bernas MJ, Martin CP, Witte CL. \n                    Lymphangiogenesis and lymphangiodysplasia: from molecular to clinical lymphology. \n                    Microsc Res Tech  \n                    2001; \n                    55\n                    (2)\n                    : 122-45.","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2010.09.009","volume":"39","author":"Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 I.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 I. \n                    Lymphatic system: Anatomy, histology and physiology. \n                    Presse Med  \n                    2010; \n                    39\n                    (12)\n                    : 1269-78.","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"322","volume":"44","author":"Olszewski W.L.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olszewski WL. \n                    The pathophysiology of lymphedema - 2012. \n                    Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir  \n                    2012; \n                    44\n                    (6)\n                    : 322-8.","journal-title":"Handchir. Mikrochir. Plast. Chir."},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"66","volume":"9","author":"Bubnova N.A.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bubnova NA, Borisova RP, Borisov AV. \n                    The theory of lymphangion and current approaches to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of lymphedema of the lower extremities. \n                    Angiol Sosud Khir  \n                    2003; \n                    9\n                    (2)\n                    : 66-70.","journal-title":"Angiol. Sosud. Khir."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S0248-8663(16)30470-2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2016.07.005","author":"Vignes S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vignes S. \n                    Lymphedema: From diagnosis to treatment \n                    Rev Med Interne  \n                    2016; \n                    S0248-8663(16)30470-2.","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2016.25.13.718","volume":"25","author":"Todd M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Todd M. \n                    Childhood lymphoedema and Lymphaletics: overcoming barriers. \n                    Br J Nurs  \n                    2016; \n                    25\n                    (13)\n                    : 718-24.","journal-title":"Br. J. Nurs."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6206.7","volume":"280","author":"Burnand K.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Burnand K, Clemenson G, Morland M, Jarrett PE, Browse NL. \n                    Venous lipodermatosclerosis: treatment by fibrinolytic enhancement and elastic compression. \n                    BMJ  \n                    1980; \n                    280\n                    (6206)\n                    : 7-11.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"56","volume":"27","author":"Casley-Smith J.R.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Casley-Smith JR. \n                    Measuring and representing peripheral oedema and its alterations. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1994; \n                    27\n                    (2)\n                    : 56-70.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.170.2.2911660","volume":"170","author":"Weissleder H","year":"1989","unstructured":"Weissleder H, Weissleder R. \n                    Interstitial lymphangiography: initial clinical experience with a dimeric nonionic contrast agent. \n                    Radiology  \n                    1989; \n                    170\n                    (2)\n                    : 371-4.","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"129","volume":"25","author":"Doldi S.B.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Doldi SB, Lattuada E, Zappa MA, Pieri G, Favara A, Micheletto G. \n                    Ultrasonography of extremity lymphedema. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1992; \n                    25\n                    (3)\n                    : 129-33.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"11","volume":"32","author":"Kim D.I.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kim DI, Huh S, Hwang JH, Kim YI, Lee BB. \n                    Venous dynamics in leg lymphedema. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1999; \n                    32\n                    (1)\n                    : 11-4.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"180","volume":"31","author":"Marotel M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marotel M, Cluzan R, Ghabboun S, Pascot M, Alliot F, Lasry JL. \n                    Transaxial computer tomography of lower extremity lymphedema. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1998; \n                    31\n                    (4)\n                    : 180-5.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"34","volume":"31","author":"Werner G.T.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Werner GT, Scheck R, Kaiserling E. \n                    Magnetic resonance imaging of peripheral lymphedema. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1998; \n                    31\n                    (1)\n                    : 34-6.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"272","volume":"15","author":"Yasuhara H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yasuhara H, Shigematsu H, Muto T. \n                    A study of the advantages of elastic stockings for leg lymphedema. \n                    Int Angiol  \n                    1996; \n                    15\n                    (3)\n                    : 272-7.","journal-title":"Int. Angiol."},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"68","volume":"13","author":"Zelikovski A.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Zelikovski A, Manoach M, Giler S, Urca I. \n                    Lympha-press A new pneumatic device for the treatment of lymphedema of the limbs. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1980; \n                    13\n                    (2)\n                    : 68-73.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1985.01390340014002","volume":"120","author":"Richmand D.M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Richmand DM, ODonnell TF Jr, Zelikovski A. \n                    Sequential pneumatic compression for lymphedema. A controlled trial. \n                    Arch Surg  \n                    1985; \n                    120\n                    (10)\n                    : 1116-9.","journal-title":"Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1159\/000159238","volume":"34","author":"Franzeck U.K.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Franzeck UK, Spiegel I, Fischer M, B\u00f6rtzler C, Stahel HU, Bollinger A. \n                    Combined physical therapy for lymphedema evaluated by fluorescence microlymphography and lymph capillary pressure measurements. \n                    J Vasc Res  \n                    1997; \n                    34\n                    (4)\n                    : 306-11.","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Res."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1992.tb00081.x","volume":"33","author":"Casley-Smith J.R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Casley-Smith JR, Casley-Smith JR. \n                    Modern treatment of lymphoedema. I. Complex physical therapy: the first 200 Australian limbs. \n                    Australas J Dermatol  \n                    1992; \n                    33\n                    (2)\n                    : 61-8.","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"76","volume":"29","author":"Casley-Smith J.R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Casley-Smith JR, Casley-Smith JR. \n                    Treatment of lymphedema by complex physical therapy, with and without oral and topical benzopyrones: what should therapists and patients expect. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1996; \n                    29\n                    (2)\n                    : 76-82.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"106","volume":"29","author":"Chang T.S.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chang TS, Gan JL, Fu KD, Huang WY. \n                    The use of 5,6 benzo-[alpha]-pyrone (coumarin) and heating by microwaves in the treatment of chronic lymphedema of the legs. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1996; \n                    29\n                    (3)\n                    : 106-11.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199310143291604","volume":"329","author":"Casley-Smith J.R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Casley-Smith JR, Morgan RG, Piller NB. \n                    Treatment of lymphedema of the arms and legs with 5,6-benzo-[alpha]-pyrone. \n                    N Engl J Med  \n                    1993; \n                    329\n                    (16)\n                    : 1158-63.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1992.tb00082.x","volume":"33","author":"Casley-Smith J.R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Casley-Smith JR, Casley-Smith JR. \n                    Modern treatment of lymphoedema. II. The benzopyrones. \n                    Australas J Dermatol  \n                    1992; \n                    33\n                    (2)\n                    : 69-74.","journal-title":"Australas. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(88)90139-7","volume":"41","author":"Piller N.B.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Piller NB, Morgan RG, Casley-Smith JR. \n                    A double-blind, cross-over trial of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides (benzo-pyrones) in the treatment of lymphoedema of the arms and legs. \n                    Br J Plast Surg  \n                    1988; \n                    41\n                    (1)\n                    : 20-7.","journal-title":"Br. J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"190","volume":"21","author":"Casley-Smith J.R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Casley-Smith JR, Casley-Smith JR. \n                    The pathophysiology of lymphedema and the action of benzo-pyrones in reducing it. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1988; \n                    21\n                    (3)\n                    : 190-4.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Lodema and the liver. Aust Adverse Drug Reactions Bull 1995; 14(3). Available from: https:\/\/www.tga.gov.au\/publication \/australian-adverse-drug-reactions-bulletin"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"106","volume":"19","author":"Zelikovski A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Zelikovski A, Haddad M, Reiss R. \n                    Non-operative therapy combined with limited surgery in management of peripheral lymphedema. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1986; \n                    19\n                    (3)\n                    : 106-8.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"182","volume":"25","author":"Degni M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Degni M. \n                    New technique for the subcutaneous drainage of peripheral lymphedema. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1992; \n                    25\n                    (4)\n                    : 182-3.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198208000-00005","volume":"9","author":"Song R.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Song R, Gao X, Li S, Zuo Z. \n                    Surgical treatment of lymphedema of the lower extremity. \n                    Clin Plast Surg  \n                    1982; \n                    9\n                    (1)\n                    : 113-7.","journal-title":"Clin. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199810000-00022","volume":"102","author":"Miller T.A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miller TA, Wyatt LE, Rudkin GH. \n                    Staged skin and subcutaneous excision for lymphedema: a favorable report of long-term results. \n                    Plast Reconstr Surg  \n                    1998; \n                    102\n                    (5)\n                    : 1486-98.","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"20","volume":"29","author":"Dumanian G.A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dumanian GA, Futrell JW. \n                    Radical excision and delayed reconstruction of a lymphedematous leg with a 15 year follow-up. \n                    Lymphology  \n                    1996; \n                    29\n                    (1)\n                    : 20-4.","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199411000-00014","volume":"94","author":"Rudkin G.H.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rudkin GH, Miller TA. \n                    Lipedema: a clinical entity distinct from lymphedema. \n                    Plast Reconstr Surg  \n                    1994; \n                    94\n                    (6)\n                    : 841-7.","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(89)90039-8","volume":"42","author":"OBrien B.M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"OBrien BM, Khazanchi RK, Kumar PA, Dvir E, Pederson WC. \n                    Liposuction in the treatment of lymphoedema; a preliminary report. \n                    Br J Plast Surg  \n                    1989; \n                    42\n                    (5)\n                    : 530-3.","journal-title":"Br. J. Plast. Surg."}],"container-title":["The Open Orthopaedics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V10\/TOORTHJ-10-543\/TOORTHJ-10-543.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V10\/TOORTHJ-10-543\/TOORTHJ-10-543.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V10\/TOORTHJ-10-543\/TOORTHJ-10-543.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T07:56:24Z","timestamp":1553241384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/VOLUME\/10\/PAGE\/543\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]]}},"alternative-id":["TOORTHJ-10-543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874325001610010543","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-3250"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-3250","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2016-1-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-04-27","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}