{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T20:54:15Z","timestamp":1783457655471,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]],"date-time":"2018-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openorthopaedicsjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOORTHJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the past decade, phenotypes have been used to help categorize knee osteoarthritis patients relative to being subject to disease, disease progression, and treatment response. A review of potential phenotype selection is now appropriate. The appeal of using phenotypes is that they most rely on simple physical examination, clinically routine imaging, and demographics. The purpose of this review is to describe the panoply of phenotypes that can be potentially used in osteoarthritis research.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A search of PubMed was used singularly to review the literature on knee osteoarthritis phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four phenotype assembly groups were based on physical features and noninvasive imaging. Demographics included metabolic syndrome (dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes). Mechanical characteristics included joint morphology, alignment, the effect of injury, and past and present history. Associated musculoskeletal disorder characteristics included multiple joint involvement, spine disorders, neuromuscular diseases, and osteoporosis. With the knee as an organ, tissue characteristics were used to focus on synovium, meniscus, articular cartilage, patella fat pad, bone sclerosis, bone cysts, and location of pain.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many of these phenotype clusters require further validation studies. There is special emphasis on knee osteoarthritis phenotypes due to its predominance in osteoarthritic disorders and the variety of tissues in that joint. More research will be required to determine the most productive phenotypes for future studies.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The selection and assignment of phenotypes will take on an increasing role in osteoarthritis research in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001812010105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T00:57:18Z","timestamp":1521421038000},"page":"105-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Value of Phenotypes in Knee Osteoarthritis Research"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fred R T","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.08.009","volume":"25","author":"Deveza L.A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deveza LA, Melo L, Yamato TP, Mills K, Ravi V, Hunter DJ. \n                    Knee osteoarthritis phenotypes and their relevance for outcomes: a\u00a0systematic review. \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2017; \n                    25\n                    (12)\n                    : 1926-41.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774516643297","volume":"13","author":"Yip W.K.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yip WK, Bonetti M, Cole BF, et al. \n                    Subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot (STEPP) analysis for continuous, binary, and count outcomes. \n                    Clin Trials  \n                    2016; \n                    13\n                    (4)\n                    : 382-90.","journal-title":"Clin. Trials"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.01.984","volume":"24","author":"Gersing A.S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gersing AS, Solka M, Joseph GB, et al. \n                    Progression of cartilage degeneration and clinical symptoms in obese and overweight individuals is dependent on the amount of weight loss: 48-month data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2016; \n                    24\n                    (7)\n                    : 1126-34.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.03.002","volume":"23","author":"Kraus V.B.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kraus VB, Blanco FJ, Englund M, et al. \n                    OARSI clinical trials recommendations: Soluble biomarker assessments in clinical trials in osteoarthritis. \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2015; \n                    23\n                    (5)\n                    : 686-97.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Jevsevar DS. \n                    Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: evidence-based guideline, 2nd edition. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. \n                    2013; \n                    21\n                    (9)\n                    : 571-6."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.15.00098","volume":"4","author":"Johal H.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johal H, Devji T, Schemitsch EH, Bhandari M. \n                    Viscosupplementation in knee osteoarthritis: Evidence revisited. \n                    JBJS Rev  \n                    2016; \n                    4\n                    (4)\n                    : e11-e111.","journal-title":"JBJS Rev."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"1124","volume":"19","author":"Migliore A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Migliore A, Bizzi E, Herrero-Beaumont J, Petrella RJ, Raman R, Chevalier X. \n                    The discrepancy between recommendations and clinical practice for viscosupplementation in osteoarthritis: mind the gap! \n                    Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci  \n                    2015; \n                    19\n                    (7)\n                    : 1124-9.","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-14-00052","volume":"179","author":"Langworthy M.J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Langworthy MJ, Nelson F, Owens BD. \n                    Viscosupplementation for treating osteoarthritis in the military population. \n                    Mil Med  \n                    2014; \n                    179\n                    (8)\n                    : 815-20.","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39176","volume":"67","author":"Roemer F.W.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roemer FW, Kwoh CK, Hannon MJ, et al. \n                    What comes first? Multitissue involvement leading to radiographic osteoarthritis: magnetic resonance imaging-based trajectory analysis over four years in the osteoarthritis initiative. \n                    Arthritis Rheumatol  \n                    2015; \n                    67\n                    (8)\n                    : 2085-96.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket247","volume":"53","author":"Casta\u00f1eda S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1eda S, Roman-Blas JA, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G. \n                    Osteoarthritis: a progressive disease with changing phenotypes. \n                    Rheumatology (Oxford)  \n                    2014; \n                    53\n                    (1)\n                    : 1-3.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.01.006","volume":"23","author":"van der Esch M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Esch M, Knoop J, van der Leeden M, et al. \n                    Clinical phenotypes in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a study in the Amsterdam osteoarthritis cohort. \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2015; \n                    23\n                    (4)\n                    : 544-9.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2015.1054875","volume":"45","author":"Calvet J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calvet J, Orellana C, Larrosa M, et al. \n                    High prevalence of cardiovascular co-morbidities in patients with symptomatic knee or hand osteoarthritis. \n                    Scand J Rheumatol  \n                    2016; \n                    45\n                    (1)\n                    : 41-4.","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Issa RI, Griffin TM. \n                    Pathobiology of obesity and osteoarthritis: integrating biomechanics and inflammation. Pathobiol Aging Age Relat Dis. \n                    2012.","DOI":"10.3402\/pba.v2i0.17470"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.082651","volume":"67","author":"Ding C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ding C, Parameswaran V, Cicuttini F, et al. \n                    Association between leptin, body composition, sex and knee cartilage morphology in older adults: the Tasmanian older adult cohort (TASOAC) study. \n                    Ann Rheum Dis  \n                    2008; \n                    67\n                    (9)\n                    : 1256-61.","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.05.002","volume":"20","author":"de Boer T.N.","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Boer TN, van Spil WE, Huisman AM, et al. \n                    Serum adipokines in osteoarthritis; comparison with controls and relationship with local parameters of synovial inflammation and cartilage damage. \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2012; \n                    20\n                    (8)\n                    : 846-53.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.019","volume":"23","author":"Silverwood V.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silverwood V, Blagojevic-Bucknall M, Jinks C, Jordan JL, Protheroe J, Jordan KP. \n                    Current evidence on risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2015; \n                    23\n                    (4)\n                    : 507-15.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114939","volume":"128","author":"Anderson J.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Anderson JJ, Felson DT. \n                    Factors associated with osteoarthritis of the knee in the first national Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I). Evidence for an association with overweight, race, and physical demands of work. \n                    Am J Epidemiol  \n                    1988; \n                    128\n                    (1)\n                    : 179-89.","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1790080407","volume":"8","author":"Jordan J.M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jordan JM, Linder GF, Renner JB, Fryer JG. \n                    The impact of arthritis in rural populations. \n                    Arthritis Care Res  \n                    1995; \n                    8\n                    (4)\n                    : 242-50.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116611","volume":"137","author":"Tepper S.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tepper S, Hochberg MC. \n                    Factors associated with hip osteoarthritis: data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-I). \n                    Am J Epidemiol  \n                    1993; \n                    137\n                    (10)\n                    : 1081-8.","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"172","volume":"34","author":"Jordan J.M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jordan JM, Helmick CG, Renner JB, et al. \n                    Prevalence of knee symptoms and radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. \n                    J Rheumatol  \n                    2007; \n                    34\n                    (1)\n                    : 172-80.","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199911)42:11<2356::AID-ANR14>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"42","author":"Clark A.G.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clark AG, Jordan JM, Vilim V, et al. \n                    Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein reflects osteoarthritis presence and severity: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. \n                    Arthritis Rheum  \n                    1999; \n                    42\n                    (11)\n                    : 2356-64.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3109\/03008209209015033","volume":"28","author":"Maroudas A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Maroudas A, Palla G, Gilav E. \n                    Racemization of aspartic acid in human articular cartilage. \n                    Connect Tissue Res  \n                    1992; \n                    28\n                    (3)\n                    : 161-9.","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10428","volume":"46","author":"Wu W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wu W, Billinghurst RC, Pidoux I, et al. \n                    Sites of collagenase cleavage and denaturation of type II collagen in aging and osteoarthritic articular cartilage and their relationship to the distribution of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 13. \n                    Arthritis Rheum  \n                    2002; \n                    46\n                    (8)\n                    : 2087-94.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050204","volume":"5","author":"Akizuki S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Akizuki S, Mow VC, Muller F, Pita JC, Howell DS. \n                    Tensile properties of human knee joint cartilage. II. Correlations between weight bearing and tissue pathology and the kinetics of swelling. \n                    J Orthop Res  \n                    1987; \n                    5\n                    (2)\n                    : 173-86.","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(91)90270-Q","volume":"1075","author":"Kempson G.E.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kempson GE. \n                    Age-related changes in the tensile properties of human articular cartilage: a comparative study between the femoral head of the hip joint and the talus of the ankle joint. \n                    Biochim Biophys Acta  \n                    1991; \n                    1075\n                    (3)\n                    : 223-30.","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0945-053X(01)00195-0","volume":"21","author":"Silver F.H.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Silver FH, Bradica G, Tria A. \n                    Elastic energy storage in human articular cartilage: estimation of the elastic modulus for type II collagen and changes associated with osteoarthritis. \n                    Matrix Biol  \n                    2002; \n                    21\n                    (2)\n                    : 129-37.","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.08.006","volume":"24","author":"Shane Anderson A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shane Anderson A, Loeser RF. \n                    Why is osteoarthritis an age-related disease? \n                    Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol  \n                    2010; \n                    24\n                    (1)\n                    : 15-26.","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3500381","volume":"350","author":"Verzijl N.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Verzijl N, DeGroot J, Oldehinkel E, et al. \n                    Age-related accumulation of Maillard reaction products in human articular cartilage collagen. \n                    Biochem J  \n                    2000; \n                    350\n                    (Pt 2)\n                    : 381-7.","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.08.013","volume":"37","author":"Maly M.R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maly MR, Robbins SM, Stratford PW, Birmingham TB, Callaghan JP. \n                    Cumulative knee adductor load distinguishes between healthy and osteoarthritic knees--a proof of principle study. \n                    Gait Posture  \n                    2013; \n                    37\n                    (3)\n                    : 397-401.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39224","volume":"67","author":"Iijima H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iijima H, Fukutani N, Aoyama T, et al. \n                    Clinical phenotype classifications based on static varus alignment and varus thrust in japanese patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. \n                    Arthritis Rheumatol  \n                    2015; \n                    67\n                    (9)\n                    : 2354-62.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090312","volume":"9","author":"Radin E.L.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Radin EL, Yang KH, Riegger C, Kish VL, O\u2019Connor JJ. \n                    Relationship between lower limb dynamics and knee joint pain. \n                    J Orthop Res  \n                    1991; \n                    9\n                    (3)\n                    : 398-405.","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5606\/ehc.2016.16","volume":"27","author":"\u015eahin N.","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u015eahin N, \u00d6zdemir ST, Ocako\u011flu G, Ercan \u0130, At\u0131c\u0131 T, Kurdo\u011flu \u00dc. \n                    Is axial shape of distal femur different in normal and osteoarthritic female patients? \n                    Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi  \n                    2016; \n                    27\n                    (2)\n                    : 68-73.","journal-title":"Eklem Hastalik. Cerrahisi"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew191","volume":"55","author":"Barr A.J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barr AJ, Dube B, Hensor EM, et al. \n                    The relationship between three-dimensional knee MRI bone shape and total knee replacement-a case control study: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. \n                    Rheumatology (Oxford)  \n                    2016; \n                    55\n                    (9)\n                    : 1585-93.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.08.015","volume":"23","author":"Lieberthal J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lieberthal J, Sambamurthy N, Scanzello CR. \n                    Inflammation in joint injury and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and cartilage \/ OARS. \n                    Osteoarthritis Research Society  \n                    2015; \n                    23\n                    (11)\n                    : 1825-34.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Research Society."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.01.012","volume":"25","author":"Fransen M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fransen M, Agaliotis M, Bridgett L, Mackey MG. \n                    Hip and knee pain: role of occupational factors. \n                    Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol  \n                    2011; \n                    25\n                    (1)\n                    : 81-101.","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199604000-00003","volume":"325","author":"Dye S.F.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dye SF. \n                    The knee as a biologic transmission with an envelope of function: a theory. \n                    Clin Orthop Relat Res  \n                    1996; \n                    325\n                    (325)\n                    : 10-8.","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"20","author":"Harris W.H.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Harris WH. \n                    Etiology of osteoarthritis of the hip. \n                    Clin Orthop Relat Res  \n                    1986; \n                    (213): \n                    20-33.","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001610010404","volume":"10","author":"J\u00f8rgensen R.W.","year":"2016","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen RW, Dippmann C, Dahl L, St\u00fcrup J. \n                    Treatment algorithm for patients with non-arthritic hip pain, suspect for an intraarticular pathology. \n                    Open Orthop J  \n                    2016; \n                    10\n                    : 404-11.","journal-title":"Open Orthop. J."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201643","volume":"72","author":"Agricola R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agricola R, Heijboer MP, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Verhaar JA, Weinans H, Waarsing JH. \n                    Cam impingement causes osteoarthritis of the hip: a nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK). \n                    Ann Rheum Dis  \n                    2013; \n                    72\n                    (6)\n                    : 918-23.","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.07.004","volume":"21","author":"Agricola R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agricola R, Heijboer MP, Roze RH, et al. \n                    Pincer deformity does not lead to osteoarthritis of the hip whereas acetabular dysplasia does: acetabular coverage and development of osteoarthritis in a nationwide prospective cohort study (CHECK). \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2013; \n                    21\n                    (10)\n                    : 1514-21.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199912000-00014","volume":"81","author":"T\u00f6nnis D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"T\u00f6nnis D, Heinecke A. \n                    Acetabular and femoral anteversion: relationship with osteoarthritis of the hip. \n                    J Bone Joint Surg Am  \n                    1999; \n                    81\n                    (12)\n                    : 1747-70.","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev232","volume":"54","author":"Agricola R.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Agricola R, Leyland KM, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, et al. \n                    Validation of statistical shape modelling to predict hip osteoarthritis in females: data from two prospective cohort studies (Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee and Chingford). \n                    Rheumatology (Oxford)  \n                    2015; \n                    54\n                    (11)\n                    : 2033-41.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.11.013","volume":"24","author":"An H.","year":"2016","unstructured":"An H, Marron JS, Schwartz TA, et al. \n                    Novel statistical methodology reveals that hip shape is associated with incident radiographic hip osteoarthritis among African American women. \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2016; \n                    24\n                    (4)\n                    : 640-6.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"525","volume":"44","author":"Zanetti M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zanetti M, Romero J, Dambacher MA, Hodler J. \n                    Osteonecrosis diagnosed on MR images of the knee. Relationship to reduced bone mineral density determined by high resolution peripheral quantitative CT. \n                    Acta Radiol  \n                    2003; \n                    44\n                    (5)\n                    : 525-31.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref45","first-page":"2187","volume":"25","author":"Karvonen R.L.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Karvonen RL, Miller PR, Nelson DA, Granda JL, Fern\u00e1ndez-Madrid F. \n                    Periarticular osteoporosis in osteoarthritis of the knee. \n                    J Rheumatol  \n                    1998; \n                    25\n                    (11)\n                    : 2187-94.","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-014-0194-z","volume":"9","author":"Nelson F.R.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nelson FR, Craig J, Francois H, Azuh O, Oyetakin-White P, King B. \n                    Subchondral insufficiency fractures and spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee may not be related to osteoporosis. \n                    Arch Osteoporos  \n                    2014; \n                    9\n                    (1)\n                    : 194.","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.06.021","volume":"24","author":"Riddle D.L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riddle DL, Stratford PW, Perera RA. \n                    The incident tibiofemoral osteoarthritis with rapid progression phenotype: development and validation of a prognostic prediction rule. \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2016; \n                    24\n                    (12)\n                    : 2100-7.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3973-3","volume":"473","author":"Karlsson M.K.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karlsson MK, Magnusson H, C\u00f6ster M, Karlsson C, Rosengren BE. \n                    Patients with knee osteoarthritis have a phenotype with higher bone mass, higher fat mass, and lower lean body mass. \n                    Clin Orthop Relat Res  \n                    2015; \n                    473\n                    (1)\n                    : 258-64.","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-012-0329-2","volume":"18","author":"Sasaki E.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sasaki E, Ishibashi Y, Tsuda E, et al. \n                    Evaluation of locomotive disability using loco-check: a cross-sectional study in the Japanese general population. \n                    J Orthop Sci  \n                    2013; \n                    18\n                    (1)\n                    : 121-9.","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185115591237","volume":"57","author":"Hawezi Z.K.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hawezi ZK, Lammentausta E, Svensson J, Roos EM, Dahlberg LE, Tiderius CJ. \n                    Regional dGEMRIC analysis in patients at risk of osteoarthritis provides additional information about activity related changes in cartilage structure. \n                    Acta Radiol  \n                    2016; \n                    57\n                    (4)\n                    : 468-74.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01007","volume":"95","author":"Ayers D.C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ayers DC, Li W, Oatis C, Rosal MC, Franklin PD. \n                    Patient-reported outcomes after total knee replacement vary on the basis of preoperative coexisting disease in the lumbar spine and other nonoperatively treated joints: the need for a musculoskeletal comorbidity index. \n                    J Bone Joint Surg Am  \n                    2013; \n                    95\n                    (20)\n                    : 1833-7.","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39177","volume":"67","author":"McAlindon T.E.","year":"2015","unstructured":"McAlindon TE. \n                    Toward a new paradigm of knee osteoarthritis. \n                    Arthritis Rheumatol  \n                    2015; \n                    67\n                    (8)\n                    : 1987-9.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2009.01186.x","volume":"216","author":"McGonagle D.","year":"2010","unstructured":"McGonagle D, Tan AL, Carey J, Benjamin M. \n                    The anatomical basis for a novel classification of osteoarthritis and allied disorders. \n                    J Anat  \n                    2010; \n                    216\n                    (3)\n                    : 279-91.","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2003.11.003","volume":"12","author":"Peterfy C.G.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peterfy CG, Guermazi A, Zaim S, et al. \n                    Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) of the knee in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and cartilage \/ OARS. \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2004; \n                    12\n                    (3)\n                    : 177-90.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39731","volume":"68","author":"Collins J.E.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collins JE, Losina E, Nevitt MC, et al. \n                    Semiquantitative imaging biomarkers of knee osteoarthritis progression: Data from the foundation for the national institutes of health osteoarthritis biomarkers consortium. \n                    Arthritis Rheumatol  \n                    2016; \n                    68\n                    (10)\n                    : 2422-31.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.09.018","volume":"24","author":"Roemer F.W.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roemer FW, Jarraya M, Felson DT, et al. \n                    Magnetic resonance imaging of Hoffa\u2019s fat pad and relevance for osteoarthritis research: a narrative review. \n                    Osteoarthritis Cartilage  \n                    2016; \n                    24\n                    (3)\n                    : 383-97.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"}],"container-title":["The Open Orthopaedics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V12\/TOORTHJ-12-105\/TOORTHJ-12-105.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V12\/TOORTHJ-12-105\/TOORTHJ-12-105.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V12\/TOORTHJ-12-105\/TOORTHJ-12-105.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T07:26:23Z","timestamp":1553239583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openorthopaedicsjournal.com\/VOLUME\/12\/PAGE\/105\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]}},"alternative-id":["TOORTHJ-12-105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874325001812010105","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-3250"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-3250","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2017-12-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-15","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}