{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T08:07:13Z","timestamp":1774339633774,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]],"date-time":"2010-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1292284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openophthalmologyjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOOPHTJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Transcutaneous blepharoptosis surgery with simultaneous advancement of the levator aponeurosis and M\u00fcller\u2019s muscle (levator resection) is a popular surgery which is considered effective for all types of blepharoptosis except for the myogenic type. Repair of ptosis cases with good levator function yields excellent results. A good outcome can be also obtained in cases with poor levator function, however, in such cases; a large degree of levator advancement may be required, which may result in postoperative dry eyes, unnatural eyelid curvature and astigmatism. These cases are therefore better treated with sling surgery. With the right patient selection, the levator resection technique is an effective method for ptosis repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101004010071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,19]],"date-time":"2015-03-19T00:14:19Z","timestamp":1426724059000},"page":"71-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Transcutaneous Blepharoptosis Surgery: Simultaneous Advancement of the Levator Aponeurosis and M\u00fcller\u2019s Muscle (Levator Resection)"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kazunami","family":"Noma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igal","family":"Leibovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Kakizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-003-0127-5","volume":"27","author":"Finsterer J","year":"2003","unstructured":"Finsterer J. \n                Ptosis: causes, presentation, and management \n                Aesth Plast Surg  \n                2003; \n                27\n                : 193-204.","journal-title":"Aesth Plast Surg"},{"key":"refR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020010577015","volume":"97","author":"Anderson RL","year":"1979","unstructured":"Anderson RL, Dixon RS. \n                Aponeurotic ptosis surgery \n                Arch Ophthalmol  \n                1979; \n                97\n                : 1123-8.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"refR3","first-page":"27","volume":"9","author":"Putterman AM","year":"1978","unstructured":"Putterman AM, Urist MJ. \n                M\u00fcller's muscle-conjunctival resection ptosis procedure \n                Ophthalmic Surg  \n                1978; \n                9\n                : 27-32.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"refR4","first-page":"31","volume":"8","author":"Crawford JS","year":"1977","unstructured":"Crawford JS. \n                Repair of ptosis using frontalis muscles and fascia lata: a 20-year review \n                Ophthalmic Surg  \n                1977; \n                8\n                : 31-40.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg"},{"key":"refR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.033","volume":"140","author":"Ben Simon GJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ben Simon GJ, Lee S, Schwarcz RM, McCann JD, Goldberg RA. \n                External levator advancement vs M\u00fcller's muscle-conjunctival resection for correction of upper eyelid involutional ptosis \n                Am J Ophthalmol  \n                2005; \n                140\n                : 426-32.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"refR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01009-6","volume":"109","author":"Wong VA","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wong VA, Beckingsale PS, Oley CA, Sullivan TJ. \n                Management of myogenic ptosis \n                Ophthalmology  \n                2002; \n                109\n                : 1023-31.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"refR7","unstructured":"Dresner S. \n                \n                Ptosis management: a practical approach In: Chen WP, Ed. \n                Oculoplastic Surgery: The Essentials.  \n                New York: Thieme 2001; pp. \n                \n                \n                75-88."},{"key":"refR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199406000-00014","volume":"10","author":"Older JJ","year":"1994","unstructured":"Older JJ. \n                Upper lid blepharoplasty and ptosis repair using a transcutaneous approach \n                Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg  \n                1994; \n                10\n                : 146-9.","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"refR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198504000-00005","volume":"14","author":"Beard C","year":"1985","unstructured":"Beard C. \n                M\u00fcller's superior tarsal muscle: anatomy, physiology, and clinical significance \n                Ann Plast Surg  \n                1985; \n                14\n                : 324-3.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"refR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.06.013","volume":"148","author":"Kakizaki H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kakizaki H, Prabhakaran V, Pradeep T, Malhotra R, Selva D. \n                Peripheral branching of levator superioris muscle and M\u00fcller muscle origin \n                Am J Ophthalmol  \n                2009; \n                148\n                : 800-3.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"refR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1975.01010020889012","author":"Kuwabara T","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kuwabara T, Cogan DG, Johnson CC. \n                Structure of the muscles of the upper eyelid \n                Arch Ophthalmol 93  \n                1975; \n                1189-97.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol 93"},{"key":"refR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31725-7","volume":"99","author":"van den Bosch WA","year":"1992","unstructured":"van den Bosch WA, Lemij HG. \n                Blepharoptosis induced by prolonged hard contact lens wear \n                Ophthalmology  \n                1992; \n                99\n                : 1759-65.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"refR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.06.009","volume":"114","author":"Reddy AK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reddy AK, Foroozan R, Arat YO, Edmond JC, Yen MT. \n                Ptosis in young soft contact lens wearers \n                Ophthalmology  \n                2007; \n                114\n                : 2370.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"refR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.01.032","volume":"141","author":"Watanabe A","year":"2006","unstructured":"Watanabe A, Araki B, Noso K, Kakizaki H, Kinoshita S. \n                Histopathology of blepharoptosis induced by prolonged hard contact lens wear \n                Am J Ophthalmol  \n                2006; \n                141\n                : 1092-6.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"refR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-198601070-00008","volume":"2","author":"Cahill KV","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cahill KV, Buerger Jr GF, Johnson BL. \n                Ptosis associated with fatty infiltration of M\u00fcller\u2019s muscle and levator muscle \n                Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg  \n                1986; \n                2\n                : 213-7.","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"refR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/01.iop.0000167789.39570.3e","volume":"21","author":"Baldwin HC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baldwin HC, Bhagey J, Khooshabeh R. \n                Open sky M\u00fcller muscle-conjunctival resection in phenylephrine test-negative blepharoptosis patients \n                Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg  \n                2001; \n                21\n                : 276-80.","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"refR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2004.00150b.x","volume":"82","author":"Kakizaki H","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kakizaki H, Zako M, Mito H, Katori N, Iwaki M. \n                A guide to making a natural eyelid margin curvature in blepharoptosis surgery \n                Acta Ophthalmol Scand  \n                2004; \n                82\n                : 240-1.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"refR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-007-0107-0","volume":"29","author":"Kakizaki H","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kakizaki H, Zako M, Iwaki M. \n                A guide determining center of levator aponeurosis and palpebral fissure width in blepharoptosis surgery \n                Eur J Plast Surg  \n                2007; \n                29\n                : 309-11.","journal-title":"Eur J Plast Surg"},{"key":"refR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/01.IOP.0000124674.75130.DA","volume":"20","author":"Kakizaki H","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kakizaki H, Zako M, Ide A, et al. \n                Causes of undercorrection of medial palpebral fissures in blepharoptosis surgery \n                Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg  \n                2004; \n                20\n                : 198-201.","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"refR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830701205909","volume":"27","author":"Kakizaki H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kakizaki H, Zako M, Nakano T, et al. \n                Medial horn supporting ligament in Asian upper eyelids \n                Orbit  \n                2008; \n                27\n                : 91-6.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"refR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318032eb00","volume":"23","author":"Takahashi Y","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takahashi Y, Kakizaki H, Mito H, Shiraki K. \n                Assessment of the predictive value of intraoperative eyelid height: measurements in sitting and supine positions during blepharoptosis repair \n                Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg  \n                2007; \n                23\n                : 119-21.","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"refR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-005-0297-6","volume":"50","author":"Kakizaki H","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kakizaki H, Zako M, Mito H, Iwaki M. \n                Intraoperative quantification using finger force for involutional blepharoptosis without postoperative lagophthalmos \n                Jpn J Ophthalmol  \n                2006; \n                50\n                : 135-40.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"refR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCurdy JA Jr. \n                \n                Asian blepharoplasty In: McCurdy JA Jr, Lam SM, Eds. \n                Cosmetic Surgery of the Asian Face.  2nd. \n                New York: Thieme 2005; pp. \n                \n                \n                \n                8-41.","DOI":"10.1055\/b-0034-55735"},{"key":"refR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1955.00930010415017","volume":"53","author":"Berke RN","year":"1955","unstructured":"Berke RN, Hackensack NJ, Wadsworth JAC. \n                Histology of levator muscle in congenital and acquired ptosis \n                Arch Ophthalmol  \n                1955; \n                53\n                : 413-28.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"refR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2001.247","volume":"15","author":"Cates CA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cates CA, Tyers AG. \n                Outcomes of anterior levator resection in congenital blepharoptosis \n                Eye  \n                2001; \n                15\n                : 770-3.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"refR26","unstructured":"Kakizaki H. \n                Levator resection In: \n                Gankeiseigoko Tora No Maki.  \n                Tokyo: Medical Aoi 2009; pp. \n                \n                \n                9-24."},{"key":"refR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.125.12.1610","volume":"125","author":"Zinkernagel MS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zinkernagel MS, Ebneter A, Ammann-Rauch D. \n                Effect of upper eyelid surgery on corneal topography \n                Arch Ophthalmol  \n                2007; \n                125\n                : 1610-2.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"refR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19920301-06","volume":"29","author":"Cadera W","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cadera W, Orton RB, Hakim O. \n                Changes in astigmatism after surgery for congenital ptosis \n                J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus  \n                1992; \n                29\n                : 85-.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"refR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-200201000-00002","volume":"18","author":"Matsuo K","year":"2002","unstructured":"Matsuo K. \n                Stretching of the Mueller muscle results in involuntary contraction of the levator muscle \n                Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg  \n                2002; \n                18\n                : 5-10.","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"refR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1167\/3.3.5","volume":"3","author":"Miller JM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miller JM, Demer JL, Poukens V, Pavlovski DS, Nguyen HN, Rossi EA. \n                Extraocular connective tissue architecture \n                J Vis  \n                2003; \n                3\n                : 240-51.","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"key":"refR31","first-page":"289","volume":"62","author":"Korzeniowska-Kromer E","year":"2003","unstructured":"Korzeniowska-Kromer E, W\u00f3jtowicz-Kaczmarek K. \n                Muscle spindles in the levator palpebrae superioris muscle of human foetuses \n                Folia Morphol (Warsz)  \n                2003; \n                62\n                : 289-90.","journal-title":"Folia Morphol (Warsz)"}],"container-title":["The Open Ophthalmology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openophthalmologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V4\/TOOPHTJ-4-71\/TOOPHTJ-4-71.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openophthalmologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V4\/TOOPHTJ-4-71\/TOOPHTJ-4-71.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openophthalmologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V4\/TOOPHTJ-4-71\/TOOPHTJ-4-71.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T07:37:23Z","timestamp":1761291443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openophthalmologyjournal.com\/VOLUME\/4\/PAGE\/71\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]]}},"alternative-id":["TOOPHTJ-4-71"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874364101004010071","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-3641"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-3641","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Double blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2010-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-06-25","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-07-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-12-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}