{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T23:24:56Z","timestamp":1764458696516,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]],"date-time":"2011-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openophthalmologyjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOOPHTJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n To present a case of subconjunctival infestation with\n Dirofilaria repens<\/jats:italic>\n which is very rare in Northern Europe.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A 61-year-old male presented with a swelling and redness of the left supraorbital region migrating to the eyelid and the left eyeball resulting in conjunctival injection, proptosis and diplopia. The patient underwent incisional extraction of a nine cm long worm, which was analysed histologically.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The worm was structureless, greyish-white in colour and measuring nine cm in length and 0.5 mm in diameter. Histopathological examination of the worm showed an outer thick, multi-layered cuticle with longitudinal ridges. Beneath the cuticle, a thick muscle layer was observed and internally the intestine and a single reproductive tube containing spermatozoa were noted. Scanning electron microscopy of the worm showed tapered ends, transverse striations and longitudinal ridges at the anterior end. The tail was relatively short with spirally coiled ridges indicating a male\n Dirofilaria repens.<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n Humans are an uncommon and accidental host of\n Dirofilaria repens<\/jats:italic>\n which is rarely seen in Northern Europe but should be considered as a differential diagnosis to other nematode ocular infections. A travel history is helpful in diagnosing the potential involved organisms. No further treatment is necessary beyond surgical removal since this organism fails to mature and thereby does not cause microfilariaemia in humans.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101105010021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,21]],"date-time":"2011-04-21T02:03:24Z","timestamp":1303351404000},"page":"21-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Subconjunctival Dirofilaria repens Infestation: A Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Henrik A","family":"Melsom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen A.L","family":"Kurtzhals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Qvortrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Bargum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toke S","family":"Barfod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morten la","family":"Cour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Heegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.03.026","volume":"163","author":"Genchi C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Genchi C, Rinaldi L, Mortarino M, Genchi M, Cringoli G. \n Climate and dirofilaria infection in Europe \n Vet Parasitol \n 2009; \n 163\n : 286-92.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"refR2","first-page":"183","volume":"87","author":"Nozais JP","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nozais JP, Bain O, Gentilini M. \n A case of subcutaneous Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens with microfilaremia originating in Corsica \n Bull Soc Pathol Exot \n 1994; \n 87\n : 183-5.","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"refR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-008-0928-2","volume":"120","author":"Sz\u00e9n\u00e1si Z","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sz\u00e9n\u00e1si Z, Kov\u00e1cs AH, Pampiglione S, et al. \n Human dirofilariosis in Hungary: An emerging zoonosis in Central Europe \n Wien Klin Wochenschr \n 2008; \n 120\n : 96-102.","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"refR4","first-page":"308","volume":"60","author":"Raccurt CP","year":"2000","unstructured":"Raccurt CP. \n Human dirofilariasis in France: new data confirming the human transmission of Dirofilaria repens to the north of the 46 degree north latitude \n Med Trop (Mars) \n 2000; \n 60\n : 308-9.","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"refR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.04.009","volume":"133","author":"Genchi C","year":"2005","unstructured":"Genchi C, Rinaldi L, Cascone C, Mortarino M, Cringoli G. \n Is heartworm disease really spreading in Europe? \n Vet Parasitol \n 2005; \n 133\n : 137-48.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"refR6","first-page":"141","volume":"37","author":"Cancrini G","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cancrini G, Pietrobelli M, Frangipane di Regalbono AF, Tampieri MP, della Torre A. \n Development of Dirofilaria and Setaria nematodes in Aedes albopictus \n Parassitologia \n 1995; \n 37\n : 141-5.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"refR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X300904","volume":"102","author":"Abdel-Rahman SM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abdel-Rahman SM, Mahmoud AE, Galal LA, Gustinelli A, Pampiglione S. \n Three new cases of human infection with Dirofilaria repens, one pulmonary and two subcutaneous, in the Egyptian governorate of Assiut \n Ann Trop Med Parasitol \n 2008; \n 102\n : 499-507.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"refR8","first-page":"567","volume":"114","author":"Rivasi F","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rivasi F, Boldorini R, Criante P, Leutner M, Pampiglione S. \n Detection of Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens DNA by polymerase chain reaction in embedded paraffin tissues from two human pulmonary locations \n APMIS \n 2006; \n 114\n : 567-74.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"refR9","first-page":"231","volume":"42","author":"Pampiglione S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pampiglione S, Rivasi F. \n Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens: An update of world literature from 1995 to 2000 \n Parassitologia \n 2000; \n 42\n : 231-54.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"refR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2001.01099.x","volume":"38","author":"Pampiglione S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pampiglione S, Rivasi F, Angeli G, et al. \n Dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in Italy, an emergent zoonosis: report of 60 new cases \n Histopathology \n 2001; \n 38\n : 344-54.","journal-title":"Histopathology"}],"container-title":["The Open Ophthalmology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/openophthalmologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V5\/TOOPHTJ-5-21\/TOOPHTJ-5-21.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openophthalmologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V5\/TOOPHTJ-5-21\/TOOPHTJ-5-21.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/openophthalmologyjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V5\/TOOPHTJ-5-21\/TOOPHTJ-5-21.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T09:48:16Z","timestamp":1761299296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openophthalmologyjournal.com\/VOLUME\/5\/PAGE\/21\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]]}},"alternative-id":["TOOPHTJ-5-21"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874364101105010021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-3641"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1874-3641"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Double blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2010-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-02-07","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-02-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-04-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}