{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:24:16Z","timestamp":1781249056668,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]],"date-time":"2011-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openophthalmologyjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOOPHTJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To present a series of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in 24 eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective non-comparative observational case series. Medical records were retrieved and individuals evaluated based on symptoms, risk factors, visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy and pathological examination of cornea epithelial scrapings. Demographic features, clinical course, predisposing factors, microbiological profile, treatment, final clinical outcome and visual acuity were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 22 patients, 90.9% were men, with a mean age of 30.3 years (range 15 \u2013 76 years). Two (9.1%) had bilateral involvement, 15 (68.2%) were non-contact lens users, 17 (77.3%) reported contamination with mud within 2 weeks (mean 6.8 days) of onset of symptoms. All patients presented with conjunctivitis and coarse, multifocal, punctate epithelial keratitis. Two out of 24 eyes (8.3%) had anterior stromal infiltrates, while 8 (33.3%) had anterior uveitis. Microsporidial spores were identified on modified trichrome staining of corneal epithelial scrapes in all eyes. All eyes were treated with epithelial debridement, topical fluoroquinolone and hexamidine diisethionate, 7 (31.8%) patients received oral albendazole, and all eyes with anterior uveitis received topical steroids. All cases resolved without visually significant sequelae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis occurred mainly in males, is usually unilateral, presents as conjunctivitis and coarse, multifocal, punctate epithelial keratitis, and may incite anterior uveitis. Soil contamination is an important risk factor. Treatment with debridement, fluoroquinolones, hexamidine diisethionate with or without systemic albendazole is effective, with steroids reserved for any associated anterior uveitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101105010042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,31]],"date-time":"2011-05-31T06:41:06Z","timestamp":1306824066000},"page":"42-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Microsporidial Keratoconjunctivitis in the Tropics: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Desmond","family":"Tung-Lien Quek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James Chuan-Hsin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabha Unny","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Songbo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen Charn Beng","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2005.03.031","volume":"36","author":"Fischer WM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fischer WM, Palmer JD. \n                Evidence from small-subunit ribosomal RNA sequences for a fungal origin of Microsporidia \n                Mol Phylogenet Evol  \n                2005; 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\n                110\n                : 1420-5.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"refR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.10.062","volume":"113","author":"Joseph J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Joseph J, Sridhar MS, Murthy S, Sharma S. \n                Clinical and microbiological profile of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in southern India \n                Ophthalmology  \n                2006; \n                113\n                : 531-7.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"refR6","unstructured":"Isenberg HD, Ed. \n                Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook.  2nd ed. \n                ASM Press 2004; vol. 2. 9.3.6.1-9.3.6.6.."},{"key":"refR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.057","volume":"140","author":"Jabs DA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jabs DA, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT. \n                Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group \n                Am J Ophthalmol  \n                2005; 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