{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:17:20Z","timestamp":1788556640344,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]],"date-time":"2012-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["openophthalmologyjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TOOPHTJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp; Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levocetirizine is a histamine H(1) receptor antagonist. Here, we utilised DO11.10TCR transgenic mice to establish an antigen-specific T cell-dependent allergic conjunctivitis (AC) model to determine the effect of the topical application of an ophthalmic formulation of Levoceritizine as a treatment for AC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental Approach:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DO11.10 mice (n=6\/each) were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA, 50 \u00b5g) and treated with a Levocetirizine ophthalmic formulation (0.001\u20130.02% v\/w) or placebo (vehicle) for 24\u201372 h. Serum, aqueous\/vitreous humour and conjunctiva were obtained. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-E, interleukin (IL)-10 and lipoxin (LX)A\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      were determined by ELISA. Levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2, interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 and 18rS expression were measured by RT-PCR. Proportions of total and activated antigen-presenting cells (APC), recruited T lymphocytes (CD4+), activated T lymphocytes (CD25+) and T regulatory cells (Treg) were measured by flow cytometry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      OVA exposure induced AC in the animal model indicated by increased expression of LXA\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      , TNF-\u03b1 and TGF-\u03b2. Levocetirizine treatment (0.01\u20130.02% v\/w) reduced LXA\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      in the eye humours. This treatment approach increased systemic IL-10 secretion and reduced TNF-\u03b1 and TGF-\u03b2 expression in conjunctiva without changing IFN-\u03b3 expression. Levocetirizine reduced APC levels in draining lymph nodes but increased the proportion of total lymphocytes recruited and their differentiation to Treg cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Implications:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levocetirizine effectively reduces the activation and migration of APC to local draining lymph nodes and induces differentiation of Treg cells as one possible mechanism of its anti-inflammatory action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101206010129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,21]],"date-time":"2012-12-21T03:38:03Z","timestamp":1356061083000},"page":"129-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Levocetirizine Inhibits Migration of Immune Cells to Lymph Nodes and\nInduces Treg Cells in a Murine Type I Allergic Conjunctivitis Model"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sihomara","family":"Garc\u00eda-Zepeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabet","family":"Estrada-Mu\u00f1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Elizondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis I","family":"Terrazas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan D","family":"Quintana-Hau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Tornero-Monta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leopoldo","family":"Baiza-Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libia","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"refR1","first-page":"11","volume":"19","author":"del Cuvillo A","year":"2009","unstructured":"del Cuvillo A, Sastre J, Montoro J, et al. \n                Allergic conjunctivitis and\nH1 antihistamines \n                J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol  \n                2009; 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