{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T03:08:59Z","timestamp":1776740939969,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535673600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opennursingjournal.com","benthamopen.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["TONURSJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]]},"abstract":"\n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this discussion paper is to outline the guidelines, according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, about how to manage hypertension before and during pregnancy. Primary providers lack the knowledge to initiate treatment and manage hypertension in patients who are family planning or in the early stages of pregnancy before transferring care to an obstetrician, or perhaps patients who never do transfer care for lack of accessibility or funding. This paper aims to discuss how the Family Nurse Practitioner, or other primary care providers, may safely and efficiently maintain stable blood pressures in patients with hypertension before, during, and after pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Background and Implications for Nursing:<\/jats:title>\n Clinicians often defer gestational complications to obstetricians, however, it is crucial that there is a basic understanding of how to manage such issues. Primary practitioners do care for these patients during pre-gestation or fertility planning and oftentimes even during pregnancy in underserved communities with little access to obstetrical \/ prenatal care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design:<\/jats:title>\n Discussion paper of ACOG guidelines and recommendations regarding safe management of hypertension before, during and after pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Sources:<\/jats:title>\n Inclusion criteria utilized most current research within the past 5 years, barring one source from the American Heart Association (no more current data) from 2011. This included an examination of current standards of care regarding hypertension during and before pregnancy according to the ACOG. Utilizing keywords such as hypertension, gestational hypertension, pregnancy, pharmacological management of hypertension, ACOG guidelines, treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. The decision to utilize guidelines set forth primarily by ACOG stems from ACOG being the governing body for Obstetricians \/ Gynecologists. Additionally, \u201cstandardization of care improves patient outcomes, which also should translate into a reduction in medical-legal exposure\u201d [2]. As \u201csuch guidelines have been developed by specialty organizations such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (the college),\u201d ACOG guidelines are nationally utilized in the care of OB\/GYN patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title> \n It is essential for primary care clinicians to employ current research regarding hypertension surrounding pregnancy and encourage patients who are family planning to utilize all such data in order to have a healthy and successful pregnancy. In order to do so, thorough practitioners are required to care for patients throughout the spectrum of all health and wellness related situations.<\/jats:p>\n\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874434601812010180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T10:03:35Z","timestamp":1536055415000},"page":"180-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Management of Chronic and Gestational Hypertension of Pregnancy: A Guide for Primary Care Nurse Practitioners"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Spiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Scemons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"American congress of obstetricians and gynecologists, task force on hypertension in pregnancy. Hypertension in pregnancy: report of the American congress of obstetricians and gynecologists\u2019 task force on hypertension in pregnancy 2013. \n Available on: \n 2013.\n https:\/\/www.acog.org\/Resources-And-Publications\/ Task-Force-and-Work-Group-Reports\/"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181f97c62","volume":"116","author":"Kirkpatrick D.H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick DH, Burkman RT. \n Does standardization of care through clinical guidelines improve outcomes and reduce medical liability? \n Obstet Gynecol \n 2010; \n 116\n (5)\n : 1022-6.","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f6099","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f6099","volume":"347","author":"Abdul Sultan A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdul Sultan A, West J, Tata LJ, Fleming KM, Nelson-Piercy C, Grainge MJ. \n Risk of first venous thromboembolism in pregnant women in hospital: Population based cohort study from England. \n BMJ \n 2013; \n 347\n : f6099.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32835ca964","volume":"31","author":"Cornelissen V.A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cornelissen VA, Buys R, Smart NA. \n Endurance exercise beneficially affects ambulatory blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. \n J Hypertens \n 2013; \n 31\n (4)\n : 639-48.","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.02.005","volume":"57","author":"Mosca L.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, et al. \n Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women--2011 update: A guideline from the American Heart Association. \n J Am Coll Cardiol \n 2011; \n 57\n (12)\n : 1404-23.","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"U.S. department of health and human services: National institute of health.. \n Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. \n National blood pressure education program 2004 Available at from \n \n https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/files\/docs\/ guidelines\/jnc7full.pdf"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1182-9","volume":"36","author":"Ramakrishnan A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan A, Lee LJ, Mitchell LE, Agopian AJ. \n Maternal hypertension during pregnancy and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. \n Pediatr Cardiol \n 2015; \n 36\n (7)\n : 1442-51.","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["The Open Nursing Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opennursingjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V12\/TONURSJ-12-180\/TONURSJ-12-180.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opennursingjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V12\/TONURSJ-12-180\/TONURSJ-12-180.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opennursingjournal.com\/contents\/volumes\/V12\/TONURSJ-12-180\/TONURSJ-12-180.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T05:53:47Z","timestamp":1555307627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opennursingjournal.com\/VOLUME\/12\/PAGE\/180\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]]}},"alternative-id":["TONURSJ-12-180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874434601812010180","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-4346"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-4346","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Peer Reviewed","order":0,"name":"review_status","label":"Review Status","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review_details","label":"Peer Review Details"}},{"value":"Checked with iThenticate","order":0,"name":"screening_status","label":"Screening Status","group":{"name":"plagiarism_screening","label":"Plagiarism Screening"}},{"value":"2017-12-7","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-17","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}