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Alpha-emitters\nmay enable the efficient treatment of such disseminated diseases because of their short range\nand highly energetic radiation. Radium-224 is a candidate \u03b1-emitter due to its convenient 3.6-day\nhalf-life, with more than 90% of the decay energy originating from \u03b1-particles. However, its inherent\nskeletal accumulation must be overcome to facilitate intraperitoneal delivery of the radiation\ndose. Therefore,\n                      <jats:sup>224<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ra-labeled CaCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      microparticles have been developed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The antitumor effect of CaCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      microparticles as a carrier for\n                      <jats:sup>224<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ra was investigated,\nwith an emphasis on the ratio of activity to mass dose of CaCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      , that is, specific activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nude athymic mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with human ovarian cancer cells\n(ES-2) and treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of\n                      <jats:sup>224<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ra-labeled CaCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      microparticles\nwith varying combinations of mass and activity dose, or cationic\n                      <jats:sup>224<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ra in solution. Survival and\nascites volume at sacrifice were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant therapeutic effect was achieved for all tested specific activities ranging from\n0.4 to 4.6 kBq\/mg. Although treatment with a mean activity dose of 1305 kBq\/kg of cationic\n                      <jats:sup>224<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ra\nprolonged the survival compared with the control, equivalent median survival could be achieved\nwith\n                      <jats:sup>224<\/jats:sup>\n                      Ra-labeled microparticles with a mean dose of only 420 kBq\/kg. The best outcome was\nachieved with the highest specific activities (2.6 and 4.6 kBq\/mg).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Radium-224-labeled CaCO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      microparticles present a promising therapy against cancer\ndissemination in body cavities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2174\/1874471013666201201102056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T23:07:31Z","timestamp":1606864051000},"page":"145-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/bsp_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Calcium Carbonate Microparticles as Carriers of 224 Ra: Impact of Specific Activity in Mice with Intraperitoneal Ovarian Cancer"],"prefix":"10.2174","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ruth Gong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncoinvent AS, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncoinvent AS, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida Sofie","family":"Jorstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncoinvent AS, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina Bj\u00f8rnlund","family":"B\u00f8nsdorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncoinvent AS, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asta","family":"Juzeniene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind Sverre","family":"Bruland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy Hartvig","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncoinvent AS, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Westr\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncoinvent AS, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"965","reference":[{"key":"ref=1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33326-3","volume":"391","author":"Allemani C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allemani C.; Matsuda T.; Di Carlo V.; Harewood R.; Matz M.; Nik\u0161i\u0107 M.; Bonaventure A.; Valkov M.; Johnson C.J.; Est\u00e8ve J.; Ogunbiyi O.J.; Azevedo E Silva G.; Chen W.Q.; Eser S.; Engholm G.; Stiller C.A.; Monnereau A.; Woods R.R.; Visser O.; Lim G.H.; Aitken J.; Weir H.K.; Coleman M.P.; Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37\u2008513\u2008025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. 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